what is the chronic self medication with a drug in excessive quantities
drug abuse
what are the psychologic dependence characteristics of ADDICTION? 4
drug cravings
drug use causing personal and legal difficulties
overwheliming desire to obtain drugs
reuse of drugs despite personal difficulties
what are the three characteristics of drug abuse?
altered state of consciousness
development of tolerance
abstinence syndrome if drug is discontinued abrubtly after an exteneded period of use
what is the voluntary use of alcohol or other drugs
experimentation
t/f regular use is always folled by dependence for effect
false NOT always
what is the support group for friends and fmaily members of ALCOHOL abusers
Al-Anon
t/f a dependant substance abuser may still work, maintain family relationsips and friendships and limit use to certain periods of time
true
t/f changes in the brain structure and function persists after drugs are stopped
true
repeated drugs use changes _____ ____ and _____
brain structure and function
what are the symptoms of addiction?
uncontrolled alcohol/drug craving, seeking and using that persists even in the face of adverse consequences
substance abuse can be related to _____ influences
GENETIC
how can a prescriber misuse drugs? 3
prescribing w/o exploration of pts presenting complaint
prescribing drugs for prolonged periods w/o medical supervision
giving nitrous to non anxious pt
under the rehabilitation act what is substance abuse calssified as?
handicap
the rehabilitiation act promotes what and protects against what?
promotes opportunity to regain place in society
protects against discrimination of employment
t/f drug misue is the self administration of a drug in increasing quantities, resulting in dependence, functional impairment, and deviation from approved socail norms. Drug abuse is the indiscriminate or inappropriate use of drugs
both statements are false
drug abuse is self administration of a drug in increasing quantities, resulting in dependence, functional impairment and deviation from approved social norms
drug misuse is the indiscriminate or inappropriate use of drugs
what is it called when there is a reduced drug effect after repeated use
tolerance
what are the three most common abused drugs?
caffeine
cocaine
marijuana
what is the #1 most commoly abused substance resulting in emergency visit?
Alcohol
what is the #2 most commonly abused drug resulting in emergency visit?
cocaine
what is the most commoly abused opiod?
heroin
what drug do useres begin by smoking or by using SC and then progress to IV
heroin
what opiates act through binding to opioid receptors in the brain?
heroin, meperidine (Demerol)
propoxyphene (Darvon)
IV use of herion often leads to what?
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
what is an overdosage sign of opiod use?
extreme miosis (pinpoint pupils)
what are examples of opioid antagonists?
NALOXONE (Narcan)
naltrexone (ReVia)
what opioid antagonist also treates ACUTE narcotic overdose?
Naloxone
what begins about 6 hours or more after last injection?
loss of attachment and SEVERE RECESSION OF BUCCAL GINGIVA in presence of otherwise healthy periodontium
what is contraindicated with cocaine use?
vasoconstrictors
what is the property of a drug that leads to self administration?
reinforcing efficacy
what drug enhances effects of other depresssnats?
benzodiazepines
when benzodiazepines are used what happens to the CNS? Respiratory system? and Cardiac?
CNS depression
respiratory collapse
cardiac arrest
what is it called when alcohol is used in excessive amounts or for longer than advised (binge drinking)
alcohol MISUSE
alcohol abuse increases a persons risk for what disease?
perio
Alcohol has a _____ toxic effect on periodontal tissues
direct
what is the antidote for ACUTE alcohol intoxication
no known antidote
what is used to treath CHRONIC alcoholism?
disulfiram (Antabuse)
_____ abuseres need to have thorough oral examinations because of increased risk for _____ _____, monitoring of oral self care (____ ____ ___), qeustioning about history of liver disease and ____ problems
Alcohol abusers
oral cancer
poor oral hygiene
bleeding
what are the signs of alcohol abuse?
red face
blood shot eyes
hypertrophy of parotid glands
breath odors of ALCOHOL DUH! `
what is a indolamine hallucinogen?
lysergic acid (LSD)
what is the prototype and most potent indolamiens?
lysergic acid (LSD)
what type of drugs are phencyclidine and marijuana?
hallucinogens
what are the subjective experience effects of hallucinogens?
flashbacks
impaired judgment
visual distorations/panic attacks
what is the most potent hallucinogen?
lysergic acid (LSD)
what hallucinogen is chracterized by hypersalivation and sweating, blank stare, disorganized thought, bizzare behavior, muscle twitches, rigidity and elevated blood pressure and pulse
phencylidine (angel dust-PCP)
what is an oral side effect of cannabinoids
xerostomia
what is the medical name for marijuana
marinol
what hallucinogen abuse is confined to helath care professionals?
nitrous oxide
what are the effects of abuse for aliphatic nitrites-volatile liquids?
impaired ability to hold instruments
what hallucinogen can cuase emphysemsa, lekoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma in oral mucosa?
nicotine
what is the maine etiologic factor of nicotine
emphysema
stages of abuse treatments can have ____ care or medical _____ or stabilization programs
acute care
detoxification
what is the purpose of acute care?
safely and comfortable REMOVE TOXINS FROM BODY
___ _____ does little to change long term durg use?
medical detoxification
what drugs are used for ACUTE overdose and withdrawl treatment?
Naloxone (narcan)
what is the triad of acute overdose symptoms?
respiratory depression
pinpoint pupils
unconsciousness
what reveses acute overdose?
naloxone
what drug is used for maintenance after acute overdose
naltrexone
what is the purpose and goal of rehabilitation
teach skills necessary to change behavior
what does rehabilitation require
care in treatment center
which drug is used to treat chronic alcoholism
disulfiram
what treats opiod overdose?
narcan
what is the tx for narcotic withdrawal and dependence?
methadone
___ drug useres need antibiotic premedication before tx
IV
what is the mst pain reliever for herioin addicts?
NSAIDS
what is an antidepressant used for smoking cessation to primarily relieve symptoms assocaited with nicotine withdrawal
zyban (wellbutrin)
what is a non nicotinic medication that is designed to BLOCK nicotinic receptors in the brain
Chantix
what is a medical condition involving psycholgical and physical changes from reapated use of substance
addiction
what is the self administration of a drug in increasing quantities, resulting in dependence, functional impairment, and devation from approved social norms
drug abuse
what is the indiscriminate or inappropriate use of drugs
drug misuse
what are the most frequently abused drugs?
nictoine and ethyl alcohol
what are the most widely used sympathomimetic stimulants? 3
cocaine
methamphetamine
amphetamine
what are the signs and symptoms central and physiologic effects of methampetamine
insomina
anxiety
paranoia
hallucinations
aggression
tachycardia
arrhythmia
hypertesion
stroke
what is the property of a drug that leads to self administration
reinforcing efficacy
what are the runs?
withdrawal effect of cocaine=want to stay high before the crash
ethanol, barbituates, benzodiazepines=
CNS depressants
what is approved for use in treatment of chronic alcohol abuse?
naltrexone
what are the oral complications of alcoholism? 3
glossitis
loss of papillae
angular chelitis (candida albicans)
what may interact iwth alcohol or alcohol related GI disease?
analgesics
what are the signs of overdose of lysergic acid
widely dialted pupils
hypertension
visual distortions
panic reactions
paranoia
what effect does nitrous oxide have on a dental professional abuser?
