-
Primate
Prosimii-Anthropoidea
Platarrhini-Cattyrhini
Cercopithecoidea-Hominoidea
Hylobatidae-Hominidea
Pongidae, Gorillinae-Homininea
Panini-Hominini
Homo
sapiens
- order
- suborder
- infraorder
- superfamily
- family
- subfamily
- tribe
- genus
- species
-
common names:
superfamily
family
subfamily
tribe
- hominoid
- hominid
- hominine
- hominin
-
the binomen is allways...
- underlined or italicized
- Homo sapiens
- H. sapiens
-
Lineaus's 7
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
-
organisms of a single species share an exclusive...(without human influences)
- breeding group
- morphology
- diet
-
fossil formation: 2
- anoxic environment
- mineralization
-
2 difficulties w/fossils
- limited geo-distribution
- geo-forces (crush and fragment)
-
classification based exclusively on geneology, such that a group of species is all decended from a common ancestor
cladistics
-
classifications based on descent from a common ancestor, as are clades, but also take into account different rates of evolution in different lineages. (amount of difference, and rate of change)
evolutionary classification
-
characters found with pylogenetically older organisms, and are usually shared with many organisms in an evolutionary group: 3
- primative characters
- pliesomorphic (sympliesomorphic character + shared ancestral)
- ancestral feature
-
evlove from primative characters and are usually aquired by few members of an evolutoionary group. characters are not found in earlier ancestors.
- derived characters
- apomorphic
-
A recently appearing homology that is shared by a relatively small group of closley related taxa.
- shared derived character
- synapomorphic
-
ancestorially (truly) shared similar trait...
homology
-
similar, for not homologous trait...
analogy
-
Prosimian dentition: 3
- primative dental formula
- specilized dentition (insectivore, frugivore, etc.)
- tooth comb (procumbant incisors)
-
anthropoid dentition:
- derived dental formula
- generalized dentition (heterodont)
-
dental formulas:
Prosimian
Platyrrhine
Catarrhine
-
the primative number of premolars:
4
-
loosing sharp side of tooth, flattening, widening...
molarization
-
human premolars are...
bicuspid
-
become holes and pits with wear and age...
cusps
-
specilized molars:
pointy
high shearing crests
large, flat, sledge hammer, low cusps, thick enamel
- insectivore
- folivore
- frugivore
-
circopithecoid molar cusps:
hominid molar pattern:
-
which molar should be examined for pattern?
the first
-
Prosimii dental arcade...
...non-human athropoid dental arcade?
- divergent (v-shaped)
- parallel
-
locomotion pattern of all primates besides humans:
quadrupedialism
-
Loris facts: 8
- SQC
- nocturnal
- poison gland
- bugs, lizards, birds
- robust skeleton
- strong/flexible body
- short/no tail
- 16-18oz
-
Lemur facts: 3
- diurnal
- VCL
- intermembral index -100
-
Orangutan facts: 3
- Quadrumanos
- locomotor dimorphism
- sex seperate social behavior
-
NWM locomotor pattern:
quadrupedal walking and running
-
Hylobatidae facts: 2
- brachiation
- cranial facing glenoid fossa
- bipedal vacations
- long curved fingers
-
Chimp/Gorilla facts: 6
- kunckle walking
- reinforced carpels
- hairless fingers
- intermembral index +100
- too large to brachiate
- inefficent bipedalism
|
|
