Toxicology Final

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  1. Symptoms of BAL 50mg/dl
    • euphoria
    • talkativeness
    • relaxation
  2. Symptoms of 100mg/dl BAL
    • CNS depression
    • impaired motor & sensory function
    • impaired cognition
  3. symptoms of >140mg/dl BAL
    decreased blood flow to the brain
  4. BAL >500mg/dl
    death
  5. Legal BAL in MO
    0.08% or 80 mg/dl
  6. Ethanol toxicities of the liver
    • Fatty Liver
    • Alcoholic hepatitis
    • Cirrhosis
  7. Characteristics of cirrhosis
    • non-reversible
    • mallory bodies
  8. Alcohol metabolism
    • mostly takes place in the liver
    • some in the brain
    • free radicles are released creating oxidative stress
  9. Ethanol effects on the cardiovascular system
    • cardiomyopathy (both atrial and ventricular hypertrophy) and heart failure
    • arrhythmias
    • hypertension
  10. There is a direct correlation to > 3 per day
    hypertension
  11. Alcohol can prevent
    coronary heart disease
  12. Common fetal alcohol syndrome abnormalities
    • growth retardation
    • microcephaly
    • poor coordination
    • abnormal facial development
    • minor joint abnormalities
  13. Incidence of FAS births in the US
    0.2-1.5/1000 live births
  14. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
    • vision changes, ataxia, impaired memory
    • Thiamine (B1) deficiency
    • indirect effect of alcohol
  15. Nicotine LD50
    0.5-1 mg/kg (40-60 mg)
  16. Toxic effects of nicotine
    • standalone carcinogenicity is unknown
    • teratogenicity is little
    • blood pressure increases because nicotine is a vasoconstrictor
  17. dose of nicotine that causes N/V
    2-5 mg
  18. Common ADEs with opiates
    • constipation
    • dry mouth
    • n/v
    • sedation
  19. Uncommon ADEs with Opiates
    • bad dreams/hallucinations
    • dysphoria/delirium
    • pruritus/urticaria
    • respiratory depression
    • urinary retention
  20. Drugs to treat n/v secondary to opiates
    • prochlorperazine
    • haloperidol
    • metocloperamide
  21. Drugs to treat pruritus/urticaria secondary to opiates
    • fexofenadine
    • diphenhydramine
    • loratadine
    • doxepin
  22. Drugs to treat respiratory depression secondary to opiates
    naloxone
  23. Cocaine CNS Toxicity
    • euphoria, anxiety, agitation, hyperactivity
    • muscle rigidity
    • paranoid psychosis
    • weight loss
  24. Cocaine cardiovascular toxicity
    • HTN
    • increased platelet aggregation
    • coronary artery spasm => MI
    • shock
    • hyperthermia
    • tachyarrhythmia, Vtach or Vfib
    • Renal failure
  25. Amphetamine CNS toxicity
    • Addiction
    • Psychosis
    • memory loss
    • aggression
    • mood disturbance
    • dental problems
    • wt loss
  26. Amphentamine abuse during pregnancy
    • Premature delivery
    • fetal growth retardation
    • heart and brain abnormalities
    • placental abruption
  27. Amphetamine cardiovascular toxicity
    • dysrhythmias
    • HTN
    • heart failure
    • rhabdomyolysis
  28. LSD effects
    • most potent mood changing chemical
    • dilated pupils
    • increased body temp
    • increased HR and BP
    • Profuse sweating
    • loss of appetite
    • sleeplessness, dry mouth, tremors
  29. Antidote for LSD
    no specific antidote
  30. Acute marijuana toxicity
    • impairs short term memory, attention & judgement
    • impaired coordination and balance
    • increased HR
  31. Persistent marijuana toxicity
    impaired memory and learning skills
  32. Long term toxicity with marijuana use
    • addiction (lower than most drugs)
    • increased risk of bronchitis, cough or emphysema
    • increased risk for cancer of head, neck and lungs
  33. Inhalants and aerosols
    • volatile gases
    • solvents
    • aerosols
    • anesthetic gases
  34. Volatile gases
    • butane
    • propane
    • aerosol propellants
  35. Solvents
    • model glue
    • gasoline
    • toluene
    • acetone
    • amul nitrite
    • cleaning solvent
    • printing fluids
  36. Aerosols
    • deodorants
    • hair spray
    • freon
  37. Anesthetic gases
    • N2O
    • Chloroform
    • isoflurane
  38. Toxic effects of inhalants and aerosols
    • loss of consciousness/convulsion
    • cardiac arrhythmias
    • death
  39. CNS effects of aerosols & inhalants
    ataxia and peripheral neuropathy
  40. Cardiac effects of aerosols & inhalants
    • MI
    • more so with halogenated solvents
  41. Nephrotoxicity with aerosols and inhalants
    • hypokalemia
    • acidosis
  42. Hepatotoxicity with aerosols and inhalants
    • hepatitis
    • liver necrosis
  43. Hematological toxicity with aerosols and inhalants
    • bone marrow suppression
    • N2O or benzene
  44. Hypertension and tachycardia are associated with
    • amphetamines
    • cocaine
  45. Hypotension associated with
    sedative hypnotics
  46. Hypothermia associated with
    CNS depressants
  47. pupil constriction associated with
    opioids
  48. Pupil dilation associated with
    • amphetamines
    • cocaine
    • LSD
  49. Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) associated with
    • sedatives
    • phencyclidine
    • ketamine
  50. Excessive sweating
    • nicotine
    • LSD
  51. Increased body temp
    • LSD
    • MDMA (Exstasy)
  52. Decreased bowel activity
    • opioids
    • sedatives
  53. Nystagmus, dysarthria & ataxia
    • alcohol
    • sedatives
  54. Twitching and muscular hyperactivity
    cocaine
  55. Seizures
    • cocaine
    • amphetamine
  56. Coma
    • opioids
    • sedative hypnotics
  57. Mecamylamine
    • Nicotine antidote
    • nAChR antagonist
  58. Flumazenil
    Benzodiazepine antidote
  59. Naloxone
    opioid antidote
  60. alcohol antidotes
    • naltrexone
    • acamprosate
    • disulfiram
  61. Rimonabant
    • Marijauna antidote
    • CB1 receptor antagonist

Card Set Information

Author:
 Rx2013
ID:
 82316
Filename:
 Toxicology Final
Updated:
2011-04-27 22:43:57
Tags:
Illicit Drugs
Folders:

Description:
Illicit Drugs
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