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Regions in the 1840's
- Rise in technological change (ex: Railroads)
- Agricultural technology
- Big and takes less farmers to make the same amount of food
- More people in cities
- More people moving west
- Easten cities being crowded because of expansion issues
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North
- Industrial
- Bigger cities
- More adapted
- Import/export economy
- Immigrants from Europe flood in North --> New York
- Goes from rural to urban society
- Commercial industry was about making stuff
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South
- Slaveholding declines progressively
- Atlantic slave trade is over
- Slavery is still a commercial venture (buying and selling people)
- People who had a lot of land (slaveholders) got rich
- Less-developed infrastructure
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West
- Opens the whole public debate on slavery which people try to ignore
- Now in turns of property and constitutionality
- Because of strength in south, north feared expansion of slavery
- Did not want economies to take over
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
- Same clauses where if one had come to free state could run away and don�t have to be taken back
- Every case heard by judge, if a slave was not declared free he would get $10-->If free = $5
- Legal precedent set by pro-slavery southerners
- Brought slave issue ever near to conflict
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Nativism
- Anti-immigrant
- Had a lot of Irish-Catholic immigrants
- Founding fathers were Protestants
- Middle class condescension
- Another level of class discrimination
- Catholic and Irish voted Democrat
- Played freeman against Catholic/Irish immigrants and are the competition for jobs
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John Brown
- Violent abolitionist
- Ultra-Christian
- 1856: raw issues in Congress about slavery
- 1859: plans to break into an armory-->steal weapons-->move south for slave army-->fight slave owners in the south
- He was caught, tried, then executed
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Dred Scott
- Decision 1858
- Court case in Supreme court
- Lost but chief justice's opinion was the thing that made the biggest deal because he ruled that
- Slaves are property, African descendants cannot be citizens, only black people could be slaves
- Defence of slavery is the law of line and are pure property
- North: he becomes president
- South votes to dissolve Union
- CSA - Confederate States of America-->USA
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Frederick Douglass
- Most compelling antislavery voice in America
- Most famous runaway slave in America
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David Wilmot
Democratic congressman from Pennsylvania, attatched to an appropriations bill an ammendment banning slavery from all territories acquires in the war with Mexico
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Wilmot Proviso
To preserve western lands for white settlement
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Stephen A. Douglas
- "Little Giant"
- Illinois
- Leading advocate of "popular sovereignty" as a solution to the crisis over slavery in the 1850s
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Carved the Kansas Territory out of the larger Nebraska Territory
- Increased support for northern antislavery politicians
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Lecompton Constitution
Drawn up by proslavery partisans, representing a minority of Kansas residents
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