The flashcards below were created by user
tenorsextets
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Function of Mitosis
asexual reproduction, growth, create two identical daughter cells
-
Chromosomes
genetic material of cells stored in the nucleus
-
What are chromosomes made of?
chromatin
-
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
-
Mitosis: Interphase
resting and growing
-
Mitosis: S-phase
duplicate all chromosomes
-
Mitosis: Prophase
nuclear envelope fragments, mitotic spindle starts to form
-
Mitotic spindle
microtubule structure that physically separates the chromosomes
-
Mitosis: Metaphase
all chromosomes line up down the middle
-
Mitosis: Anaphase
duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart
-
Mitosis: Telophase
nuclear envelopes form around separated sets of chromosomes and cleavage furrow forms
-
Mitosis: Cytokinesis
cell is physically divided into two
-
Meiosis: Prophase
homologous chromosomes pair up (synapse) and then swap info (crossing over)
-
Meiosis: Metaphase
homologous pairs line up side by side along the metaphase plate
-
Meiosis: Anaphase
homologous pairs separate
-
Meiosis: Telophase
nuclear envelopes begin to form around each set of chromosomes and the cleavage furrow forms
-
Meiosis: Cytokinesis
cell is physically pulled apart into two
-
How many cells are at the end of Mitosis?
2
-
How many cells are at the end of Meiosis?
4
-
After a cell is split into two during Meiosis, what happens next?
They split again, but like Mitosis
-
Centromere
little button in the middle of a chromosome
-
Chromatid
stuff inside a long part of a chromosome
-
What does P53 do?
stop a cell division at G1 when DNA is damage, attempts repair, and destroys if can't be repaired.
-
Cancer
uncontrolled cell growth (too much mitosis), form tumors, and undergo metastasis (spreading of cells)
-
Oncogenes
mutated DNA that should normally control the cell cycle
-
Somatic cells = _____ cells
Body cells
-
-
Mitosis: ______ cells
Meiosis: ______ cells
- Mitosis: body cells
- Meiosis: sex cells
-
Pairs 1-22: ______
Pair 23: _______
- 1-22: autosomes
- 23: sex chromosomes
-
Autosomes
have info about body traits
-
Homologous chromosomes
similar chromosomes (one from each parent) that have info about the same trait at the same location
-
Picture of chromosome pairs
Karyotype
-
Diploid cells have ___ sets of chromosomes and Haploid cells have ___ sets of chromosomes.
2; 4
-
Diploid cell=
body cell (46 chromosomes)
-
Haploid cell
sex cells (23 chromosomes)
-
Function of Meiosis:
sexual reproduction and produce 4 diverse gametes
-
3 ways to have genetic diversity
- crossing over
- independent assortment
- fertilization
-
Crossing over
exchange of genetic material between homologous pairs
-
Independent assortment
homologous pairs can line up and separate in a random manner
-
Fertilization
when gametes fuse
-
Nondisjunction
chromosomes fail to separate correctly
-
Aneuploidy
cells have too many or too few chromosomes
-
Monosomy
diploid individual has only one of a type of chromosome
-
Trisomy
an individual has three of a type of chromosome
|
|