-

Structurally,
the nervous system consists of which two subdivisions?
central and peripheral
-

Clusters of
neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS are called
ganglia
-

Which
functional division of the nervous system includes the SNS and ANS?
motor
-

In the PNS,
components of the afferent division include
sensory neurons
-

Which effectors
are innervated by visceral motor neurons?
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
-

The two
distinct cell types that compose all nervous tissue are
chromatophilic substance
-

The slightly
expanded tips of telodendria are called
synaptic knobs
-

The cytoplasm
in a neuron cell body (or sometimes the entire cell body) is called the
perikaryon
-

Structural
categories of neurons include which of the following?
unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar
-

Neurons with
numerous dendrites and a single axon are structurally classified as
multipolar neurons
-

Efferent
neurons transmit nerve impulses
from the CNS to muscles or glands
-

Collectively,
glial cells do all of the following except
synthesize neurotransmitters and conduct nerve impulses
-

The word root
glia, as in "glial cells," most nearly means
glue
-

Which pair
names only neuroglia of the central nervous system?
ependymal cells and astrocytes
-

Which
description refers to oligodendrocytes?
large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions
-

The largest and
most abundant of the CNS glial cells, ____________ help form the blood-brain
barrier.
astrocytes
-

Which types of
glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system?
neurolemmocytes and satellite cells
-

Which term
describes the collection of lipids and proteins that may form a protective
coating around an axon?
myelin
-

Myelination
affects nerve impulse conduction in which of the following ways?
allows saltatory conduction from one neurofibril node to the next
-

Axon
regeneration in the PNS involves ____________ in a process known as Wallerian
____________.
ependymal cells; neogenesis
-

Nerves are
bundles of parallel axons in the PNS that have three successive connective
tissue wrappings, called the
endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium
-

The point at
which two excitable cells contact to exchange information is called a
synapse
-

The synaptic
knob of a neuron may contact another neuron anywhere except on its
myelin sheath
-

At a chemical
synapse, the presynaptic membrane releases a signaling molecule called a
neurotransmitter
-

Which one of
the following is not a step in the conduction of a nerve impulse across a
chemical synapse?
- calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic
- vesicles
-

The rate of
conduction of a nerve impulse is influenced by the
 - The rate of
- conduction of a nerve impulse is influenced by the
-

Which
description doesnot accurately characterize neuronal pools?
have numerous types of circuits defined by structural features
-

All of the
following are types of neuronal circuits except
proliferating
-

In the embryo,
the neural plate (which gives rise to most nervous tissue structures) develops
from
ectoderm
-

What accounts
for the gray color of gray matter?
- presence of Nissl bodies
- absence of myelin
- both of the above
-

Bundles of
neurofilaments extending into dendrites and axons to provide structural support
are called
neurofibrils
-

The phrase
"terminally differentiated," as applied to mature neurons, means that they
cannot divide mitotically to produce daughter cells
-

Although they
outnumber ____________ by as much as ten to one, ____________ account for only
about half of the total volume of the nervous system.
neurons; glial cells
-

Their methods
are different, but ____________ in the CNS and ____________ in the PNS perform
similar functions.
oligodendrocytes; neurolemmocytes
-

Which glial
cells behave much like certain leukocytes?
microglia
-

Although
classified as glial cells, ____________ are also ____________ that line the
cavities in the brain and spinal cord and help form the choroid plexus.
ependymal cells; epithelial cells
-

In the PNS, an
axon may be enveloped by ____________ without being ____________.
neurolemmocytes; myelinated
-

Which glial
cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves?
neurolemmocytes
-

Which nervous
system divisions or components contain no afferent neurons?
ANS and SNS
-

Ironically, a
____________ neuron typically has more dendrites than a ____________ neuron.
unipolar; bipolar
-

A multipolar
neuron that synapses on a gland cell is functionally classified as
continuous; saltatory
-

A nerve impulse
involves ____________ across a neuron's plasma membrane.
- changes in voltage
- movement of ions
- both a and b
-

Axon
regeneration in the CNS is restricted by which of the following factors?
- oligodendrocytes do not release a nerve growth factor
- crowded axons in the brain and spinal cord complicate regrowth
- astrocytes and connective tissue coverings may form obstructive scar tissue
- all of the above
-

At a chemical
synapse, ____________ are found only in the plasma membrane of the ____________
cell.
receptor proteins; postsynaptic
-

Synapses are
categorized on the basis of
point of contact and mode of impulse transmission
-

Which
structural classes of neurons are always sensory in function?
unipolar and bipolar
-

The
____________ is the only functional class of neuron entirely restricted to the
____________ nervous system.
association neuron; central
-

Which of the
following are structural, as opposed to functional, divisions of the nervous
system?
(1) CNS (2) SNS (3) PNS (4) ANS
1 and 3
-

With regard to
control of effectors, ____________ is to involuntary as ____________ is
to voluntary.
3 and 5
-

Touch,
vibration, and proprioception are examples of
general somatic senses
-

Which statement
is false regarding neural circuits?
- in parallel-after-discharge circuits, a single input leads
- to multiple individual outputs
-

Increased
dietary intake of vitamin B 12 and ____________ during
pregnancy can dramatically reduce the incidence of neural tube defects such as
____________.
folic acid (folate); anencephaly and spina bifida
-

The cell body
of a mature neuron does not contain
a centriole.
-

Neurons that
have only two processes attached to the cell body are called
bipolar.
-

Which neurons
are located only within the CNS?
interneurons
-

An example of
an effector is a
gland.
-

The glial cells
that help produce CSF in the CNS are
ependymal cells.
-

Which of the
following is not a part of the CNS?
neurolemmocyte
-

Which of these
cells transfer and process information?
neurons
-

Which type of
neuronal pool utilizes nerve impulse feedback to repeatedly stimulate the
circuit?
reverberating circuit
-

At an
electrical synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes interface through
gap junctions.
-

The epineurium
is
a thick, dense irregular connective tissue layer enclosing the nerve.
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