-

The four major
regions of the brain are the
cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
-

Which sequence
lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep?
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
-

In regions
where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called
a dural venous sinus
-

The largest of
the cranial dural septa is the
falx cerebri
-

The
tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the
fourth ventricle
-

The word root
ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means
an upper garment
-

Cerebrospinal
fluid performs which of the following functions?
- provides buoyancy for the brain
- cushions neural structures from sudden movements
- delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products
- all of the above
-

Which structure
produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle?
choroid plexus
-

From the
subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous
sinuses through the
arachnoid villi
-

The blood-brain
barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following
locations?
choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
-

The cerebral
hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure
-

Which statement
does not describe the parietal lobe?
contains the functionally important precentral gyrus
-

Which term
describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere?
cerebral nuclei
-

The central
white matter consists of which three groups of axons?
association, commissural, and projection tracts
-

Myelinated
axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called
commissural tracts
-

Which cortical
region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and
temperature?
primary somatosensory cortex
-

Which cerebral
cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities?
prefrontal cortex
-

The thalamus
does all of the following except
receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose
-

Which region of
the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature,
circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives?
hypothalamus
-

What are the
three regions of the brainstem?
mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
-

The
mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the
flocculonodular lobes
-

Reflexive
turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the
____________ of the mesencephalon.
inferior colliculi
-

The medulla
oblongata contains
- nuclei associated with five pairs of cranial nerves
- nuclei and tracts that relay sensory information to the thalamus
- several autonomic nuclei that regulate functions vital for life
- all of the above
-

Coordinating
skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several
important functions of the
cerebellum
-

Which
description of the cerebellum is incorrect?
has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres
-

Components of
the limbic system
- conduct and process olfactory sensations
- collectively process and experience emotions
- are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory
- all of the above
-

Cranial nerves
with purely sensory functions include which of the following?
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
-

Which cranial
nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions?
III, VII, IX, and X
-

The word root
vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means
wandering
-

All of the
following refer to the same region of the mesencephalon except the
red nuclei and substantia nigra
-
Corpus
callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection
tracts.
internal capsule
-

The amygdaloid
body, claustrum, and corpus striatum are all components of the non-cortical gray
matter of the cerebrum collectively known as the
cerebral nuclei
-

Until it was
banned, visual subliminal advertising seemed like a tremendous tool for the
motion picture industry: a photograph of a hot dog interspersed occasionally
among the frames of the movie, passing too quickly to be noticed, and yet hot
dog sales skyrocketed. Which cerebral nucleus likely played a part?
claustrum
-

The corpus
striatum comprises all of the following except the
amygdaloid body
-

Endocrine
organs housed within the cranium are all directly associated with which brain
region?
diencephalon
-

Because of its
major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the
____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality.
limbic system
-

Which thalamic
nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and
mesencephalon?
lateral geniculate nuclei
-

Hormones
released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________,
which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous
autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms.
hypothalamus
-

Which
hypothalamic nucleus or region serves as the body's "thermostat"?
preoptic area
-

Damage to one's
____________ would impair the somatic reflexes involved in eating.
mammillary bodies
-

The transverse
fibers that connect the two parts of the metencephalon are the
middle cerebellar peduncles
-

Outside, the
____________ is covered with folia (literally, "leaves"); inside, it has a
"tree" of white matter.
cerebellum
-

Which two parts
of the brain most directly control normal breathing?
pons and medulla oblongata
-

The twelve
pairs of cranial nerves
arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon
-

Which pair
doesnot correctly match a cranial nerve with its primary
functional category?
XII, general sensory
-

Which cranial
nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information
from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp?
trigeminal
-

Which cranial
nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and several glands, and
conducts gustatory impulses from the anterior part of the tongue?
facial
-

The
____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as
hearing.
vestibulocochlear
-

Which cranial
nerve assists in monitoring O 2 and CO 2 levels in the
blood?
IX
-

Which cranial
nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions?
vagus
-

Of the primary
brain vesicles, the only one that does not subdivide during embryonic
development is the
mesencephalon
-

Which is more
dangerous, and why: a subdural or an epidural hemorrhage?
epidural, because a damaged artery produces a rapidly growing hematoma
-

Of the
following, damage to Broca's area would most likely cause
nonfluent aphasia
-

Parkinson
disease results from ____________ and is generally ____________.
deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine; idiopathic
-

Which cranial
nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular)?
trigeminal (CN V)
-

The subdivision
of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather
coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is the
cerebellum.
-

The visceral
reflex center is housed within the
superior colliculus.
-

Which of the
following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement
-

Which of the
following statements is false about the choroid plexus?
It forms the blood-brain barrier.
-

The ________
are descending motor tracts on the anterolateral surface of the mesencephalon.
cerebral peduncles
-

Which cerebral
lobe is located immediately posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the
lateral sulcus?
parietal lobe
-

The primary
motor cortex is located in which cerebral structure?
precentral gyrus
-

The ________
are the isolated, innermost gray matter areas near the base of the cerebrum,
inferior to the lateral ventricles.
cerebral nuclei
-

Which structure
contains some autonomic centers involved in regulating respiration?
pons
-
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