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Digestion and Absorption
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Digestion is?
process by which food is broken down into absorption.
absorption is?
untake of nutrients
What are the 2 major functions of GI tract
1. transfer of nutrients into circulation
2. protects the body from harmful ingested material
What are the 5 steps of transfer of nutrients into circulation
1. reductions of particle size leading to an increase of surface material.
2. conversion of food to an isotonic aqueis solution.
3. solubilization (emulsification) of hydrophobic lipids
4. enzomatic digestion of large molecules to small fragments
5. absorbtion of small molecules of digestion across intestinal cell.
isotonic is a solution contaning?
same # of non-penetrating particles, cells will neither decrease
-will not shrink or swell.
digestion begins in?
mouth- mechanics break down and making saliva
-things start to absorb in mouth under tongue
bolis is?
food that has been swolloed
chyme is?
once food is swallowed.
Small intestint?
90% absorbtion occurs
Colen?
absorbs water that is being reabsorbed
incisors have?
chiseled edes that cut
Canines (cuspids) have?
pointed crowns that tear.
Premolars (bicuspids) and molars have?
ridged surfaces that crush and grind
Peristalsis?
way muscular contraction of gastro tract pushes things along.
Strongest muscles around stomach are?
1. circular
2. longitunital
3. diagonal
-goal is to produce a mixture of use of them.
upper esophageal?
prevents air from getting into esophageal
lower esophageal?
between esophages and stomach prevent back juice in esophagest.
pyloric?
seperates the acidic from nutral enviroments it always only small amount of chyme
Ilealcecal?
between small and large intest. prevents material from coming back in.
anti acids are?
tums
rolex
-form of calcium
Acid reducer are?
pepcid
-reduce amount of stomach acid
Barrett's is?
Chronic inflammation and damage of the esophages
What are the 5 organs that produce digestion secretion?
salivary glands
stomach
pancrees
liver (gallbladder)
small intestint
Saliva is?
99.5% water
lubricationg the food
Salivary amylase?
start to break down large stach molecules to mono and disacarides.
lingual lipase?
lipid enzyme involved with tryglycerides with short and mediam chain fatty acids.
What makes up the gasteric juice?
hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
pepsinogen-->pepsin
mucus`
Endocrine?
synthesis of hormones
-glucagon and insolin
Exocrine?
sythesis and sucreation of digestion enzyme.
Pancreatic juice?
97-99% water lubricate to get mixture.
bicarbonate is a?
buffer acid that is coming out of stomach
-stops pepcid from functioning
Zymogens is an active form of?
enzymes
dont want active till in form of food.
alpha amylase?
primary amylase that take carbons apart.
exopeptidases?
gong to cut last a.a. off.
Liver produces?
bile
Bile contains?
no enzymes
fat digestion
Bile essential for fat digestion (3)
1. ammolsification of fat
2. contains bycarbonate to neutrilies acid
3. route of cholesterial excretion as well as bile acid
primary function of colon is?
reabsorb water
Small intestine is the?
primary absorber
crypt is a?
tubular gland that lies between intestinel bili and screts intesten juices
new cells form in?
3-5 days
constently changing and moving
what are the 3 absorption of nutrients?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
Simple diffusion is?
things that can move simply in more right through (small lipids and water)
Faciliated diffusion is?
required a carrier. --> changes shape to go into cell. (vitamins)
Active Transport requires?
energy
going agenst concentration gradient. (glucose and a.a.)
What is the thermic affect of food?
Release enzymes
contraction of muscles
absorb nutrients
10% of energy is used to?
digest food.
Large fat products go to?
lympatic system (do not go to liver first) go to rest of body.
Cells further up better absorbing things?
quicker
Cells further down better absorbing things?
slowely
The liver is?
protective organ
everything your body is trying to get out of system.
Author
alowrie
ID
83046
Card Set
Digestion and Absorption
Description
final
Updated
5/1/2011, 9:37:07 PM
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