The flashcards below were created by user
Rx2013
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Pharmacologic activity of garlic involves
a variety of organosulfur compounds
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Responsible for the odor of garlic
allicin
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Pharmacologic action of allicin invitro
- inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
- antioxidant properties
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Other reported actions of garlic
- antiplatlet effects
- fibrinolytic effects
- increased blood vessel elasticity
- decreased BP
- Antineoplastic effects/prevention
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ADEs with garlic from most likely to least
- breath and body odor
- nausea
- hypotension
- allergy
- contact dermatitis
- bleeding
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Drug interactions with garlic
- synergistic with anti-platelet medications
- reduces bioavailability of saquinavir (PI)
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Dosage forms for garlic
- dried powder with 1.3% alliin
- enteric coated to minimize degradation of active substances
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Dose for garlic
- 600-900 mg/day
- equivalent to 1 clove of raw garlic per day
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Ginkgo active constituents
- flavone glycosides
- terpenoids
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Pharmacologic effects with ginkgo
- increase blood flow
- reduce blood viscosity
- promote vasodilation
- enhance tissue perfusion
- enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide and antagonism of platelet activating factor
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efficacy of ginkgo is comparable to
pentoxifylline
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Metabolic effects of ginkgo
antioxidant properties
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Ginkgo has a protective effect in ____ by reducing free radical formation
ishcemic injury
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CNS effects with ginkgo
modifications of system receptors and neurotransmitters in 3-4 weeks
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Gingko increases
- muscarinic receptors
- acetylcholine
- norepinephrine
- serotonin reuptake
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Ginkgo decreases
- beta adrenoreceptors
- coricosterone synthesis
- amyloid-beta fibril formation
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Ginkgo has been used to treat
cerebral insufficiency and dementia related to alzheimer's
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Benefits of ginkgo to prevent dementia
no benefit observed with 6 years of treatment
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ADEs with gingko
- nausea
- headache
- diarrhea
- allergy
- anxiety
- insomnia
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Drug interactions with ginkgo
- antiplatelet properties
- enhanced sedation with trazadone
- avoid in pt with pre-existing seizure disorders
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Ginseng is derived from several species of the genus
Panax
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most common active ingredient in Ginseng in the US
p quinquefolium
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___ & ___ ginseng are not from the Panax species
siberian and brazilian
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Siberian ginseng is more widely available in the US and contains
eleutherosides but no ginsenosides
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Pharmacological immune effects with ginsenosides
- modulation of immune function
- expression of IL-2, IL-1a, interferon gamma and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- activation of b and t cells, NK cells and macrophages
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neurotransmitter effects of ginseng
increased ach, 5HT, NE and DA in the cerebral cortex
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Other activities of ginseg
- antioxidant activity
- anti-inflammatory effects
- anti-stress activity
- analgesic
- antiplatelet
- improved glucose homeostasis
- anticancer properties
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Clinical trials evaluating ginseng indications have shown
few if any benefits
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strongest indications for ginseng
cold prevention and lowering post prandial glucose
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ADEs with ginseng
- vaginal bleeding
- mastalgia
- CNS stimulation
- HTN (contains methylxanthines)
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Drug interactions with ginseng
- psych meds
- estrogenic meds
- hypoglycemics
- warfarin (increased anti-platelet)
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