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Pharmacology Final
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Pharmacologic activity of garlic involves
a variety of organosulfur compounds
Responsible for the odor of garlic
allicin
Pharmacologic action of allicin invitro
inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
antioxidant properties
Other reported actions of garlic
antiplatlet effects
fibrinolytic effects
increased blood vessel elasticity
decreased BP
Antineoplastic effects/prevention
ADEs with garlic from most likely to least
breath and body odor
nausea
hypotension
allergy
contact dermatitis
bleeding
Drug interactions with garlic
synergistic with anti-platelet medications
reduces bioavailability of saquinavir (PI)
Dosage forms for garlic
dried powder with 1.3% alliin
enteric coated to minimize degradation of active substances
Dose for garlic
600-900 mg/day
equivalent to 1 clove of raw garlic per day
Ginkgo active constituents
flavone glycosides
terpenoids
Pharmacologic effects with ginkgo
increase blood flow
reduce blood viscosity
promote vasodilation
enhance tissue perfusion
enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide and antagonism of platelet activating factor
efficacy of ginkgo is comparable to
pentoxifylline
Metabolic effects of ginkgo
antioxidant properties
Ginkgo has a protective effect in ____ by reducing free radical formation
ishcemic injury
CNS effects with ginkgo
modifications of system receptors and neurotransmitters in 3-4 weeks
Gingko increases
muscarinic receptors
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
serotonin reuptake
Ginkgo decreases
beta adrenoreceptors
coricosterone synthesis
amyloid-beta fibril formation
Ginkgo has been used to treat
cerebral insufficiency and dementia related to alzheimer's
Benefits of ginkgo to prevent dementia
no benefit observed with 6 years of treatment
ADEs with gingko
nausea
headache
diarrhea
allergy
anxiety
insomnia
Drug interactions with ginkgo
antiplatelet properties
enhanced sedation with trazadone
avoid in pt with pre-existing seizure disorders
Ginseng is derived from several species of the genus
Panax
most common active ingredient in Ginseng in the US
p quinquefolium
___ & ___ ginseng are not from the Panax species
siberian and brazilian
Siberian ginseng is more widely available in the US and contains
eleutherosides but no ginsenosides
Pharmacological immune effects with ginsenosides
modulation of immune function
expression of IL-2, IL-1a, interferon gamma and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
activation of b and t cells, NK cells and macrophages
neurotransmitter effects of ginseng
increased ach, 5HT, NE and DA in the cerebral cortex
Other activities of ginseg
antioxidant activity
anti-inflammatory effects
anti-stress activity
analgesic
antiplatelet
improved glucose homeostasis
anticancer properties
Clinical trials evaluating ginseng indications have shown
few if any benefits
strongest indications for ginseng
cold prevention and lowering post prandial glucose
ADEs with ginseng
vaginal bleeding
mastalgia
CNS stimulation
HTN (contains methylxanthines)
Drug interactions with ginseng
psych meds
estrogenic meds
hypoglycemics
warfarin (increased anti-platelet)
Author
Rx2013
ID
83146
Card Set
Pharmacology Final
Description
Dietary and Herbal II
Updated
5/2/2011, 3:33:10 AM
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