AFS final Exam

• -1865-1867
• -President Andrew Jackson required for the confederate states to abolish slavery in their states in order to be readmitted back into the union.

• -1867-1877
• -reconstruction act of 1867

part of Congressional Reconstruction, disfranchised former Confederate leaders, divided confederate states, except Tenn., into 5 military districts under Union army commanders; required the election a constitutional convention, through political representation; majorityof state’s voters are to approve the new constitution & ratify the 14th Amendment; franchised Blacks in the District of Columbia &extended term of the Freedman’s Bureau

• -Jan 31, 1865
• -Abolished slavery in all of the Union states

• -April 9, 1866
• -Gave blacks the same rights as whites except for the rignt to vote
• -forbide discriminatory laws by states
• -defined citizenship by the federal government
• -gave blacks the right to enter into contacts, to sue, togive evidence in court and to own property.

• -June 13, 1866
• -made civil rights legislation permanent
• -due process
• -guranteed blacks equal protection under law

• -Feb. 26, 1868
• -prohibited states from denying citizens the right to vote based on religion, race or color (only males).
• -states were allowed to set forth other qualifications for voters.

• -Feb 28, 1871
• -also known as the “Ku Klux
• Klan Act”, outlawed wearing disguises upon public highways or in another person’s home for the purposes of depriving them of equal
• protection of the laws;
• -empowered federal courts to oversee &
• supervise elections; became a federal crime to interfere with their work;
• -embattled federal courts to combat any attempt to violently curtail the exercise of constitutional rights

• -March 1, 1975
• -entitled all persons within the
• US jurisdiction to full enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages,& privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water;theaters, and other places of public entertainment regardless of
• race, color, or condition of previous servitude

• -Est. by Congress in 1865
• -AKA the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned lands
• -purpose was to give aid former slaves and white refugees
• -Provided food, clothing, supplies, job placement, education and homestead land to people
• -directed by Gen. Olive O. Howard
• -disbanded by congress in 1872

• -Fisk- Tennessee
• -Hampton-Virginia
• -Tougaloo- Alabama
• -Avery-SC
• -Lincoln institute-
• -Shaw University
• -Benedict-SC
• -Morehouse-GA
• -Clafin-SC
• -Rust- Mississippi
• -Bennett-NC
• -St. Augustine's-NC
• -St. Paul's Virginia

• -1866 est. by Congress as an attempt to provide land for the freedman passage
• -set aside land for black people and white southerns
• -land was unsuitable for farming
• -many lacked the finacial resources to keep up
• -Act ended up failing

• -abolistionist and congregationist
• -worked with the freedman bureau to help est. historically black colleges and universities

• 1) Slavery was replaced by a system of compulsory “paid” Black labor
• 2) The Freedman’s Bureau played a critical role in this new Black exploitation system
• 3) Black avenues of escape were blocked in at least 2 ways
• a. orthern concerns & racial discrimination
• b. Ex-slaves’ lack of capital for buying land & developing homesteads
• 4) The North needed Southern made cotton products as much as the South
• 5) Labor shortages in the North were filled by 10s of millions of European immigrants
• 6) Millions of acres of public land were given to European settlers, railroads, and private interests, Not to Ex-Slaves!!!

• -State laws regulating the activities of Blacks in the south after the Civil War;
• -key objective was control Black labor outside of the plantation system
• -Varied from state to state
• -Some forbade Blacks from owning land, or carrying fire arms

• -Required written proof of employment for the coming year; due each January
• -Wages forfeited if employee left job end of a contract
• -Blacks could not rent urban land
• -Vagrancy punished by fines or involuntary labor on plantations
• -Punishments for insulting whites, preaching the Gospel w/o a license

• -Blacks from working in nonagricultural jobs…violators paid $100 annual tax
• -Required signing annual employment contracts specifying the hours of work; employees could not leave plantation w/o permission…Traveling circus performers & fortune tellers could be charged w/vagrancy & forced to work on plantations free

• 1) Opportunist
• 2)Hypocrit
• 3) Camille
• 4) Self-decieved

• adopts values for gain and benefits.
• ex. Donald Trump running for president

• private set of values are different from theirpublic values.
• -biggest hypocrit-U.S, Founding Fathers, Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson

-person doesn't have value of own, adopt to one of society change as society does.

one who actually believes that they are motivated by a set of values, but are really motivated by a seperate set of values

-what you say & think and do are consistant.

when you work for someone, they give you a piece of land to honest. You get a percentage of the sale from harvest. Usually didn't get paid till after the crops have harvested.

• democrats wanted southern states restored to conservative, whit political control.
• -1875 regained control of MS,FL, LA, SC
• -republican leaders murdered( black & white)

• -1874
• -whitered men killed 7 and injuried 70 black voters.
• -democrats won the election

• violent campagin unleashed by mississippi
• -declared open warefare on the black majority

• -small mostly black town
• -was a key event of South Carolina Reconstruction. Beginning with a dispute over free passage on a public road, this racially motivated incident concluded with the death of seven men. It launched the furious 1876 Democratic campaign for South Carolina's
• “Redemption,” inaugurating single-party white supremacist rule, and leading to nearly a century of "Jim Crow" denial of civil rights
• -led to the shot gun policy by the democrats

ended reconstruction

originated with an minstrel show routine called "jump jim crow" that a white performer, thomas 'daddy' rice.

• -1892 homer Plessy brought a 1st class ticket & attempted to ride on the coach designated for white people
• -arrested 4 violating new segregation law.
• -ruled against Plessy & upheld LA segregation law.

• -raised $6,000, & hired a ship to take black people to liberia.
• -ended up experiencing hardship and couldn't pay for future trips.

• -1865-1880
• -black people that headed west and moved to kansas
• to enjoy all of the rights guaranteed by law.
• -5 men founded kansas town-Nicodemusn
• -founded Langston, Oklahoma

• businesses and planters leased convicts from state to build railroads, clear swamps, cut timber, tend cotton, and work mines.
• -ended becoming outlawed

-name given to black soldiers who indured harse conditons by the indians.

• -worst example of hostility of black troops in texas
• -august 14, 1906
• 150 shots rang out, 1 man dead, others injured
• -President Roosevelt dismissed 3 companies of black men with no pension or benefits

• -tended to animals
• -rode with indians, mexicans, and whites
• -rode on horses
• -were discriminated against

• -1886 texas
• -democrats tried to seize ballot boxes
• -armed black men resisted, shot one of the white men and they were arrested
• -they broke into the jail and kidnapped 3 of the men and lynched them
• -black man got 25yrs, while white guys who lynched got off and their was no investigation done.

• -SC-1898
• -white republican urged black men to fil out affidivit if they were not permitted to vote.
• -provoked confrontation w/ democrat.
• -shots were fired, repub. wounded.
• -rampage through greenwood county, black men killed

• -Wilmington, NC
• -Alex Manly- black newspaper writer, wrote an article about white
• -white mob destroyed newspaper office
• -black & white republicans resigned, blacks fled wilmigton
• whites brought up their homes

• Robert Charles were harassed by white police officers
• -both pulled out gun, shot each other. Charles escaped to hide
• -found, then engaged in shot-out with over 20,000.
• -ended up getting burned out and his body stomped on to death

1870-first AA to serve in US senate

• -author, suffarist, abolistionist,salesman
• -escaped slavery by pretending to be sailor
• -wrote autobiography-"Narractive of the Live of Fredrick Douglas,an american slave"
• -author of "North Start"
• -president of reconstruction era
• -1st AA to run for president

• -speech at Cotton states international convention
• -borned into slavery
• -sucessor to Douglas

• -amoung 1st AA nationalist
• -traveled around world lecturing slavery
• -abolistionist
• -

• -born into slavery
• -sues railroad
• -her writings were the official 1st writings of lynching

• one of the many teachers who migrated to the south after civil war to instruct freed people
• -1862-1864

• 1st AA woman to earn a law degree.
• -1st AA admitted to the practice of law in Wash. DC

• born slave in SC
• -reconstruction leader
• -served on senate
• -not the usually black rigths leader
• -used violence in his protests

• -black leaders during the reconstruction
• -Mifflin Gibbsonly AA in 19th century elected to 2 political office in 2 nations.
• *est. 1st black newspaper in CA, "The mirror of the times"

• -organized women's rights convention in columbia
• -rallied for woman rights

• -lieutenant in SC militia
• -appealed for aid to protect the republicans and black communities in "An Appeal for help Against the Klan"

• -was a cadet
• -covicted of of conduct overbecoming an officer and lying, was found bloody and was said to have mutilated himself.
• -

• -cowboy
• -1st black movie stars
• -"The Bull-Dogger"

• -1 of the wealthiest balck women in US
• -business woman, community leader
• -Grand Matron of the Order of St. Luke
• -1st black chief exective of an bank

• -composer
• -ragtime
• -"The entertainer"

• 1st president of the Colored Normal, Industrial, Agricultral, and Mechanical College of South Carolina
• -address to the Bamberg County Colored Fair

• -AKA Madame C.J. Walker
• -developed formula to enrich the hair of black women

white northerns who moved to the south in the wake of the war

-native white southerners, small farmers, in regions of the south who hoped for economic relief from republican governments.

served 1 month as governor in LA after white govenor was removed from office

1st black man to serve in the US house of representatives during the reconstruction