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what is the agonist?
- the prime mover
- has major responsibility for a certain movement
-
what is the antagonist?
opposes or reverses a movement
-
what is the synergist?
- helps the prime mover by:
- adding extra force
- by reducing undesirable movements
- holding bone in place
-
what is a fixator?
a type of synergist that holds the bone firmly in place
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skeletal muscles are named by?
- location
- shape
- relative size
-
directions of fasciles and muscle fibers their name tells what?
- the direction in which the fibers run
- (external oblique, transverse abdomins)
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# of orgins indicated by?
1 ,2 ,3, 4 or by words like biceps triceps and quadriceps
-
location of attachments name reveals?
the point or origin snd insertion site
-
muscle action?
is often part of the muscle name.and indicates movement
flexor, extensor
-
skeletal muscles contain?
fascicles
-
fascicles are arranged in?
diffrent patterns
-
fascicle arrangement tells?
about the action of a muscle
-
fascicles arrangement:
parallel?
they run parallel to the long axis of the muscle
-
fascicle:
strap like?
fusiform?
sternocleidomastoid
biceps brachi
-
convergnant?
- origin of muscle is broad
- fascicles converge toward the tendon on insertion
- ex: pertoralis major
-
unipennate?
fascicles insert into one side of the tendon
-
bipennate?
fascicles insert into the tendon from both sides
-
multipennate?
fascicles insert inot one large tendon from all sides
-
circular?
fascicles are arranged in concentric rings
- surround external body openings
- sphincter
ex: orbicularis oris and oculi
-
movement of skeletal muscles involves leverage:
lever?
fulcrum?
effort?
load?
- a rigid bar that moves
- a fixed point
- applied force
- load
-
lever systems:
bones act as?
joints act as?
-
lever systems:
muscle contractions?
load?
provides effort applies force where muslces attaches to bone
bone overlying tissue and anything lifted
-
levers allow a given effort to?
- move a heavier load
- move a load farther
-
first class lever (LFE)?
- effort applied at one end
- load is at opposite end
- fulcrum is located between load and effort
ex: seesaw, scissors, lifting head off chest
-
secons class lever?(FLE)
- effoert applied at one end
- fulcrum at the opposite side
- load is between the effort and fulcrum
- uncommon type in body
- ex: wheelbarrow, or standing on tiptoe
-
third class lever (LEF)?
- effort applied between the load and the fulcrum
- most skeletal muscles are third class
- ex: biceps brachi
- fulcrum=elbow joint
- effort= forece exerted on the proximal region of the radius
- load= the distal part of the forearm
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