Religion Final Exam

"Islam" Means

Which of the following does NOT necessarily describe a Muslim?
a. an Arab who follows God
b. one who is to carry out God’s will in history
c. God’s representative on earth
d. one who seeks to create a socially just society

In size, Islam is

Which person from the Hebrew Bible is NOT considered part of Islam’s genealogy?
a. Abraham
b. Sara
c. Hagar
d. Ismail

Which of the following is NOT a Muslim belief?
a. divine judgment
b. original sin
c. God is the creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe
d. prophets and revelation

“The disaster,” as it is known in Muslim literature and consciousness, that triggered a period of doubt and self-examination in the 1970s was about

Which of the following is NOT a holy city to Muslims?
a. Medina
b. Jerusalem
c. Cairo
d. Mecca

In America and Europe, Islam is

The word “jihad” means

As Christians look to Jesus and the New Testament and Jews look to Moses and the Torah, Muslims look to

Which describes pre-Islamic Arabian society and religion?

Which of the following was NOT condemned by Muhammad?
a. exploitation of the poor, widows, and orphans
b. usury
c. false contracts
d. earning profit in business transactions

Muhammad saw his relationship to the religion of Islam as that of

What means did Muhammad use to defeat the Meccans and unite the tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam?

Which was a role played by Muhammad in the early Muslim community

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the revelation of Islam?
a. assertion of the rights of the tribe
b. assertion of primary loyalty to the ummah
c. protection of the rights of orphans
d. protection of the rights of women

Which of the following is NOT a teaching of the Quran?
a. virgin birth of Jesus
b. Jesus was a great prophet
c. death and resurrection of Jesus
d. Jesus was God’s servant

Which of the following is NOT true of Muhammad’s relationship with the Jews?
a. he expected them to be his allies due to shared prophets and revelations
b. he forcibly converted them to Islam
c. he recognized them as a separate community, but politically allied to the Muslims
d. he allowed them to maintain cultural and religious autonomy

When the Jewish population of Medina did not convert to Islam, Muhammad instituted

Ijtihad means to

A condition of dhimmi, or having protected status, was

Which of the following is NOT true of Islamic civilization?
a. portraiture and statuary became major art forms
b. science, medicine, and philosophy flourished
c. Muslims made major contributions to medicine, mathematics, and astronomy
d. great urban cultural centers emerged in Cairo, Baghdad, Cordova, Palermo, and Nishapur

Muslims believe all of the following about the Quran EXCEPT a. it was revealed to Muhammad over a period of 22 years b. it is the eternal, uncreated, final word of God c. it shares the same mother source as the Jewish Torah and the Christian Evangel d. it is a chronological account of human history

The hijra is

Sunnis and Shiahs split due to a

Shiahs believe all of the following EXCEPT
a. Ali was the first successor to Muhammad as leader of the Muslim community
b. the ayatollah is the infallible religious leader of the Muslim community
c. the martyrdom of Husayn serves as a paradigm of suffering, oppression, and protest against
d. the Mahdi will return at the end of time to usher in a perfect Islamic society of truth and justice

The proportions of Sunnis and Shiahs respectively are

Which of the following is NOT a source of Islamic law?
a. the Quran
b. the Sunnah
c. ijma
d. tawhid

Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
a. jihad
b. declaration of faith
c. prayer five times daily
d. almsgiving

Muslims are required to fast from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan, abstaining from

Assuming the Muslim is physically and financially able, the pilgrimage to Mecca is expected to be done

Women’s rights granted by the Quran included all of the following EXCEPT
a. contracting own marriage
b. maintaining guardianship over children until they reach adulthood
c. owning and inheriting property
d. receiving and keeping her dowry upon marriage

Marriage according to Islam principles can best be described as

The ulama are

Muhammad al-Ghazali, in the early 12th century, most likely prevented the demise of Sufism by

Following the third pillar of Islam, almsgiving, requires a Muslim to contribute annually

The Crusades were actually launched by

The two major Islamic revivalist movements in the Middle East and South Asia in the 1930s were

The African-American Islamic movement in America that has the largest number of followers and does not practice black separatism or preach black nationalism is

Which is NOT an issue of debate for contemporary Islamic reformers?
a. restoration of the caliphate
b. status of women
c. status of non-Muslims
d. compatibility of Islam and democracy