Immunology

What are the 3 effects of Interferon Alpha, Beta and Gamma have?

What are the different types of MHC class I?

What are the different types of MHC class II?

Thymus is embryologically derived from?

Transmembrane and secreted IgM are both derived from the same mRNA thru what process?

What is the enzyme involved in somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switching?

Which MHC receptor has the beta 2 microglobulin?

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Type I is caused by what?

Leukocyte adhesion Deficiency Type II is caused by a defect in what?

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is caused by a defect in what?

Chronic Granulomatous Disease is caused by what?

Myeloperoxidase deficiency is caused by what?

Gram positive or negative bacteria have LPS on their surface?

Toll Like receptors (TLR) are located where in the cell?

Signaling thru TLR or NOD receptors induces the expression of what?

Deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor leads to what condition?

Membrane attack complex defends against what type of bacteria?

C5B, C6,C7,C8,C9 make up what?

What are the derivates of common lymphoid progenitor?

Deficiency of C5-C8 causes what?

Deficiency of DAF (Decay-accelelrating factor) leads to what?

An increased susceptibility to Type III hypersensitive rxn's and recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infection are due to a deficiency of what complement factor?

C1 thru C4 are involved in what ?

C3b is involved in what?

C3a and C5a are involved in what?

What interleukin induces the liver to express acute phase proteins?

Which portion of the Antibody molecule, Fab or Fc determines the isotype?

Which part of the antibody determines the idotype?

To which part of the antibody does the complement bind to?

Which part of the antibody is the amino terminal?

What are the 3 functions of antibodies?

Antibody diversity is generated in 4 ways, what are they?

B cell is able to detect complement via CD21

Co receptor on a B cell recognizes what?

Cyclosporin is an inhibitor of what?

Protein tyrosine kinases and other signalling molecules are located in what portion of the lipid membrane?

In an immunological synapse, which part, the inner or the outer portion functions to anchor the Antigen presenting cell to the T cell?

What ion is often used to amplify the original signal?

Upon binding of the antigen, what part of the T or BCR gets phosphorylated?

Signal # 2 for B cell is what?

Co receptors like CD 19, 20, 21 perform what function on a B cell??

MAPK kinase cascade activates what in response to signals?

ITIM attract ____________while ITAM attract ____________?

What type of receptors activate NFkappaB?

Deficiency of RAG1/2 causes what syndrome?

What does H. Pylori release that neutralizes the acidic environment in the stomach?

What are the 2 forms of Leprosy?

What enzymes are used for VDJ recombination?

Omenn Syndrome is caused by what?

Bruton's agammaglobulemia is caused by a deficiency of what?

Hyper IgM is caused by a deficiency of what?

IgG, IgM, IgA are all different what?

What determines the different idiotypes?

What determines the different isotypes?

What causes Ataxia-telangiectasia?

What is the triad of Ataxia-telangiectasia?

B class switching requires two signals, what are they?

What are the 3 function of antibodies?

To what toxins are antibodies given to patients? (Passive immunity)

Membrane attack complex is activated by what?

What happens in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

What 2 antibodies are common in Hashimotos Thyroditis?

What is amyloidosis?

A condition in which fragments of immunoglobulins are deposited in the tissues is called?

Presence of a large amount of protein in plasma cells is called?

What are the two most important action of the innate immune system?

What are the Innate immunity receptors that recognize molecular patterns of microbes?

TLRs and NLRs activate what common transcription factor?

What are defensis?

What 3 factors trigger activation of the complement system?

What are the 2 ways of activating complement system in the innate immunity?

What are the 2 divisions of the adaptive immunity?

The enzyme which mediates the rearrangement of antigen receptor genes in developing lymphocytes is called?

What can be used as a T cell marker?

How can lymphoid tumors be identified?

Gamma and Sigma T cells which are specialized T cells are found where in the body?

What is the antigen binding component of the B cell receptor?

What receptor on the B cell is used by the Epstein Barr Virus for infection?

What is the complement receptor on the B cells?

What are the two types of dendritic cells?

Follicular dendritic cells are located in what two locations?

Follicular dendritic cells in the spleen and L.node have what type of receptor?

Fc receptor is for what two entities?

Balance of what two signals determines whether a NK cell with kill a cell?

What are the inhibitory cell signals that prevent NK cells from killing normal healthy cells?

Pathogens that penetrate the epithelium end up in lymph nodes how?

Th1 cells play a role in defense against what microbes?

Th2 cells play a role in defense against what ?

Which Th cell is implicated in allergy?

Th17 cells play a role in defense against what microbes?

Which interleukin stimulates the proliferation of T cells?

What molecules on a T helper cell activates macrophages and stimulates class switch on B cells?

Which Ig is transported across the placental barrier?

What receptor on the phagocytes binds to antibodies?

Which Types of Hypersensitivity disorders are mediated by antibodies?

Anti-Glutamate decarboxylase antibodies present in what disorder?

Antihistone antibodies present in what disorder?

Anti-smooth muscle in what disorder?

Synovia cysts are associated with what disorder?

Anti-IgG antibodies are present in what disorder?

What are epitheloid cells?

What is a granuloma?

What are the specific lysosomal enzymes?

What are the azurophilic enzymes?

Which organism causes Lyme disease?

c-ANCA antibodies found in what condition?

p-ANCA in what disorder?

M. Raphe

N. Basalis

N. Cerellus

N. accumbens

S. nigra

Anti-smooth muscle

3 drugs for Gout?

Self-reactive T cells that become nonreactive without co-stimulatory molecules are called?

Stem cells express what marker?

When does CD19 become expressed on the developing B cell?

The heavy chain is rearranged by which stage in the developing B cell?

The light chain is rearranged by which stage in the developing B cell?

By which stage in the developing B cell is the intracellular IgM expressed?

What are Reed-Sternberg cells?

Positive selection of T cells occurs where in the thymus?

Negative selection of T cells in the thymus occurs where?

How is positive and negative selection of T cells different in the thymus?

B cells are found in what area of the spleen?

T cells are found in what area of the spleen?

A Superantigen binds to a site other than Ag binding site and elicits what type of syndrome?

Clostridium Difficile causes diarhea usually secondary to an exposure to what agent?

Polysaccharides or proteins are sufficient to activate B cells?

Abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leads to what kind of cancer?

What enzyme induces somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and isotype switch?

Hyperacute organ rejection is mediated by what?

Acute, GVHD and chronic organ rejection is mediated by what?

What two superantigens cause toxis shock syndrome?

What activates macrophages?

What induces the Truncus Arteriousus to become ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Humoral rejection of cell mediated rejection is characterized by vasculitis?

Humoral or cell mediated rejection is characterized by monocyte infiltration?

Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by what?

Secondary immunodeficiencies are caused ?

Neutrophilia, Omphalitis and recurrent bacterial infections are indicative of what?

LAD

What kinds of organisms cause recurrent infections in a person with Chronic Granulomatous Disease?

Infections with catalase positive organisms occur in people with what disease?

Hyper Ig-E or Job syndrome is caused by what?

What Immunoglobulin is overproduced in Job syndrome?

Hyper IgM syndrome is caused by what?

What is the only B cell immunodeficiency where there is no production of B cells?

What is the etiology of rheumatic heart disease?

What is the fluorescent pattern of glomeruli in good pasture?

What is the flourescent pattern of staining of glomeruli in SLE or Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Cyclophosphamide and isofamide function how?

What are the VDRL false positives?

What CD markers are present on Reed-Sternberg cells?

What condition is accompanied by secondary antiphospholipid syndrome?

Libman-Sacks endocarditis is a condition caused by what disorder?

Which syndrome is characterized by Xeropthalmia, Xerostomia and arthritis along with destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands?

What is the only lipid that is an antigen?

What is a hapten?

How does penicillin elicit an immune response/?

What is the function of an adjuvant?

The TLRs located in the endosomes of the cells tend to detect what kind of foreign antigens?

What is the best way of introducing antigens to induce immunity?

How are viruses attenuated?

Phosphatases are found where
ITIMs?
ITAM?

Kinases are found where?
ITIMs?
ITAMs?

What is the function of Th17?

Defect in AIRE causes what?

Defect in FAS causes what?

What antigen is highly expressed in the anti-microsomal antigen in Hashimotos?

What is the mutated protein involved in the pathogenesis of Familial Mediterranean Fever?

In all of the autoinflammatory conditions what protein is mutated?

Staphylocci cold absecesses and eczema with High IgE levels is indicative of what condition?

What is responsible for the bone resorption in RA?

What is the only known environmental/behavioral trigger of RA?

What condition produces sausage fingers?

How is RA treated?

Cant see, cant pee, cant climb describes what condition?

Large vessels vasculitides have what pahological morphology?

Medium vessel vasculitides have what patthological morphology?

What does ANCA stand for?

How does Large vessels vasculitis present typically?

How does medium vessel vasculitis present typically?

How does small vessel vasculitis present typically?

Drug allergic reactions are what type of hypersensitivity?

c-ANCA antibodies are produced against what protein?

p-ANCA antibodies are produced against what protein?

p- ANCA and c-ANCA antibodies bind to proteins found in what 3 types of cells?

What vasculitis is not associated with ANCA?

Hemorrhagic mediastinitis is associated with what bacterial infection?

Reynolds system is associated with what vasculitis?

Which vasculitis has antigen antibody complexes of Hep B?

What are 2 autoimmune disorders that affect the pulmonary and renal systems?

What is the difference between Wegener's granulomatosis and Polyangitis?

What is the vasculitis that affects children?

What malignancy is associated with cryglobuleniemai?

What cells amplify the response in SLE?

The immune complexes deposit where in the kidney in a SLE pt?

What antibody is more specific for SLE?

Cell mediated granulomas are responsible for crohn disease or ulcerative colitis?

Hypersensitivity is responsible for crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis?

Autoreactive T cells in the lamina propria cause what condition?

Which of the IBD involves the colon only
?

What is the gene mutated in Crohn's disease?

Increased size of the crypts is characteristic of what condition?

Dermatatic Herpetiforms is associated with what disease?

Whats deposited in the dermis in Dermatatic Herpetiforms?

BLS-Bare lymphocyte syndrome is due to deficiency of what MHC?

Immunoelectrophoresis is used to demonstrate what imuunodeficiency?

What do coreceptors on B cells bind?

BTK signalling deficiency prevents the the B cell from acquiring what?

Wiskot-Aldrich Syndrome results in defective what?

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome results from what?