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The level of risk associated with a psychoactive substance that potentially leads to repeated use and/or dependence.
Abuse liability
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Branch of science that examines how psychoactive substances taken to alter bodily functions or enhance bodily functions interact with the brain and body.
Pharmacology
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Any drug that affects the central nervous system and alters consciousness and/or perception.
Psychoactive Substance
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Physical signs and symptoms of a psychoactive substance.
Physiological Effects
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Alternations in perception and/or judgement caused by a psychoactive substances
Psychological Effects
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Physiological and psychological effects of two or more psychoactive substances that are administered simultaneously
Chemical Interactions
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Signs and symptoms that occur when an individual who is physically dependent upon a psychoactive substance discontinues its use
Withdrawal
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The method of detoxification, stabilization and maintenance that is unique to each client in order to facilitate sobriety
Treatment Applications
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After rpeated administration, a given dose of a psychoactive substance produces a decreased effect or, conversely, when increasingly larger doses must be administrated to obtain the effect observed
Tolerance
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Also known as addiction, a behavioral pattern of compulsive psychoactive substance use characterized by consistent involvement with the use of a psychoactive substance the securing of its supply and a high tendency to relapse after withdrawal
Dependence
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The process of eliminating all psychoactive substances from the individuals body
Detoxification
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A single episode of psychoactive substance self-administration
Psychoactive Substance Use
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The misuse of psychoactive substances usually for recreation or special circumstances
Psychoactive Substance Abuse
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A behavioral pattern of compulsive psychoactive substance use, characterized by overwhelming involvement with the use of a psychoactive substance, the security of its supply and a high tendency to relapse after withdrawal
Psychoactive Substance Dependence
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An altered physiological state produced by the repeated administration of a psychoactive substance that necessitates the continued administration of psychoactive substance to avoid withdrawal
Physical Dependence
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Perception that the effects produced by a psychoactive substance, or the conditions associated with its use, are necessary to maintain an optimal state of well-being
Psychological Dependence
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The so called building blocks of the nervous system that receive information from neurotransmitters
Neuron
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An internal stability and balance that the central and peripheral nervous system work to accomplish
Homeostasis
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Psychoactive substance that have a demonstrated abuse liability and are regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration
Controlled Substance
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Psychoactive substances specifically invented with a different molecular chemical formula of similar controlled substances to evade law enforcement
Designer Psychoactive Substances
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1.Orally
2.Nasally
3.Intramuscular
4.Intravenously
5.Subcutaneous
6.Topical
7.Sublingually
8.Rectally
Methods of Administration
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A series of cells that prevents certain chemicals from reaching the brain
Blood-Brain Barrier
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By products from the liver breaking down a psychoactive substances that can be eliminated from the body
Metabolites
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The process of breaking down a psychoactive substances into metabolites so they may be eliminated from the body
Metabolism
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The amount of time necessary to eliminate one half of the original dosage of a psychoactive substance from the body
Half-Life
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The process of riddling a psychoactive substance from the body by excreting it either through urine, feces, sweat, saliva or breath
Elimination
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When a user consumes move than one psychoactive substance at a time
Poly-Substance Abuse
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Substance that is legally obtained
Licit Psychoactive Substance
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Substance that is illegal to purchase manufacture or sell
Illicit psychoactive Substanced
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The brain and the spinal cord
Central Nervous System
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All the neurons outside of the central nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
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Part of the nervous system that is responsible for a persons state of arousal
Reticular Activating System
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Part of the central nervous system that is responsible for emotion
Limbic System
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Part of the central nervous system that is responsible for involuntary and fine motor skills
Basal Ganglia
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Part of the limbic system that controls voluntary motor skills and sensory input
Cerebral Cortex
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A type of neurotransmitter that tells a neuron not to send a message to its targeted cells
Inhibitory
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A type of neurotransmitter that tells a neuron to send a message to its targeted cells
Excitatory
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Chemical signals that instruct a neuron to do something
Neurotransmitter
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A secondary system of the autonomic nervous system that, when activated, will decrease breathing, heart rate
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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A secondary system of the autonomic nervous system that, when activated will increase breathing, heart rate, etc.
Sympathetic Nervous System
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A component of the peripheral nervous system that monitors unconscious bodily functions, such as heart rate, breathing and digestion
Autonomic Nervous System
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Part of the limbic system that acts as a liaison between the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
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The ability of pharmacologically similar psychoactive substances to substitute for one another in relation to tolerance and preventing withdrawal symptoms
Cross-tolerance
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