What is the antidote for somebody having anticholinergictoxicity (such as atropine/tricyclics)?
Physostigmine salicylates 0.5-2 mg IV initially
over 5 minutes; repeat Q30-60mins PRN
What are some mild signs and symptoms of organophosphate
toxicity?
a. Substernal discomfort
b. Anxiety
c. Tremor
What is the antidote treatment for organophosphate toxicity?
a. Atropine 2 mg IM Q5-10mins
b. Pralidoxime (2-PAM) 1 gm over 5-10 minutes
What do you give for treatment of amphetamines?
Diazepam 5 mg IV
What type of poison directly destroys tissue
Corrosive
This is a poisonous substance secreted by an animal or
insect.
Venom
This describes the quality or degree of being poisonous.
Toxicity
This is any substance which when ingested, inhaled, applied (topically), injected, or developed within the body in small amounts, may cause structural damage or functional disturbance.
Poison
What is the quickest method to remove contents from the GI tract, but is no longer routinely used?
Emesis
To initialize emesis, what do you give a patient?
15-30 cc’s of Syrup of Ipecac
b. 1-2 glasses of room temperature water
What is the antidote for acetaminophen?
Acetylcysteine
What is the antidote for hydrofluoric acid?
Calcium gluconate
What is the antidote for hydrogen sulfide?
Amyl nitrite ampule, 300 mg IV, slow infusion
What do you give for somebody suffering a seizure after
ETOH poisoning?
Diazepam
What snakes are elapidae?
a. Corals
b. Mambas
c. Cobras
What is considered a helodermae?
Gila monster
This type of spider is found in 25 states and worldwide,
inhabit dark quiet areas, have medium dark to yellow color with a violin shape on their back and has cytotoxic venom.
Recluse
What types of fish are classified as Coelenterates
a. Corals
b. Sea anemones
c. Jellyfish
d. Portuguese Man O’War
How does the puncture wound look for the blue ringed
octopus?
2 small puncture wounds
What temperature does the water have to be for treating octopus wounds?
113-122 degrees F
What is another name for an Echinoderm?
Sea urchins
How does the wound look for an Echinoderm “bite”?
Black and blue” (characteristic)
What are the different venomous spiny fish?
a. Stone fish
b. Zebra fish
c. Lion fish
What medications do you avoid to prevent cold injuries
because they promote peripheral vascularity?
Morphine
b. Thorazine
c. Barbiturates
d. CNS depressants
What type of hypothermia has a temperature of 94-97 degrees?
Mild
What type of hypothermia has a temperature of 86-94
degrees?
. Moderate
How does a patient present with mild hypothermia?
Conscious, but mild to moderate clouding
b. Shivering is present, but diminished
How does a patient present with moderate hypothermia?
Severe clouding, may be unconscious
b. Shivering replaced by muscle rigidity
For external re-warming, what must the temperature of the bath water be
104-107.6
How warm should the oxygen be for heated humidified
oxygen?
110-115
This is a result of intermittent exposure to temperatures above freezing accompanied by high humidity (32-35 degrees F)
Chillblains
53.This is a complication of Chillblains after 12 hours to
3 days of exposure that affects finger, toes, and ears without freezing?
Pernio
What are the two phases of cold water immersion syndrome
(trench foot)?
Hyperemic – hot with intense burning
Vasospastic – pale or cyanotic with diminished
pulses
When the skin is red and yields to pressure, what would
you diagnose them with?
First degree frostbite
A patient presents with white and cold skin, that yields to pressure. What is their diagnosis?
Second degree frostbite
57.How does a patient present with third degree frostbite?
Deep reddish-purple skin with or without blistering
b. Vesicles are deep and contain blood
The skin is hard and white in this
Fourth degree frostbite
How can you prevent a heat injury?
Physical conditioning
b. Fluid and salt intake c.
Acclimatization (8-10 days)
d. Proper clothing
e. Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
f. Avoid fatigue and infections
g. Drink water
This condition is due to inadequate or collapse of peripheral circulation secondary to salt depletion and dehydration where you only take in 1-2 liters per hour and usually occurs in those with underlying disease.
Heat exhaustion
This is a true medical emergency characterized by uncontrolled elevation of core body temp due to the failure of the hypothalamus.
Heat stroke
With this, the body temp is 106 or higher and the skin
is hot, dry and flushed.
Heat stroke
What is the sequence of events for drowning?
Hypoxemia
b. Laryngospasm
c. Fluid aspiration ineffective circulation
d. Brain injury
e. Brain death (5-10 minutes)
This is an occupational hazard of divers where dissolved
gases (nitrogen) saturate tissues from an increase in water pressure, escape as gas bubbles during ascent.
Decompression sickness
What gas saturates the tissues in decompression
sickness?
Nitrogen
By how much does the water pressure increase by when you dive?
One atmosphere every 33 feet
This is due to gas entering the arterial system and
becomes a blockage or emboli; CNS and heart are the most susceptible.
Arterial gas embolism (AGE)
71.What are the signs and symptoms of AGE?
Sudden onset
Dizziness
Paralysis or weakness
Blurred vision
Parasthesias
Convulsions
Dyspnea
Chest pain
How do you treat somebody suffering from an AGE?
Immediate recompression
ABC’s
O2
MEDEVAC
This is a collapsed lung.
Pnumothorax
What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax?
Sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the
shoulder or back
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Diminished or absent breath sounds
Paradoxical respirations
What are the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?