Fluids flashcards.txt

Within body cells

Outside the cells � Interstitial, Intravascular, & Transcellular

Drinking fluids (2700ml per day). 20% from food and metabolism. Thirst is the major regulator of intake.

Urine-1500mL/day. Feces-100-200 mL/day. Insensible loss � skin (perspiration) and lungs (breath).

Increase re-absorption of sodium and water. Secretion of K+ in the kidneys. Increases blood volume & increases BP.

AKA Arginine vasopressin. Nine amino acid peptide secreted from the pituitary.

Secreted largely by the atrial myocardium in response to dilation.

Manufactured mainly by the ventricular myocardium.

Produced by the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels.

The excretion of an excessively large amount of sodium in the urine.

Deficient fluid volume (blood) and occurs when there is a proportional loss of fluid and electrolytes form the EFC.

A state of negative fluid balance in which there is loss of water from the intracellular, extracellular, and intravascular spaces.

Assess vital signs, capillary refill, neuro status, and daily weight. Monitor electrolytes, CBC, and urine output. Initiate and maintain IV access. Administer isotonic fluid replacement and I&O. Report urine output <30mL/hr to provider. Ensure safety and gait stability. Observe for nausea and vomiting.

The retention of excessive amounts of sodium and water in the EFC.

Excess fluid accumulated in the tissues.

Monitor vital signs, I&O, & daily weights. Assess lung sounds (dim with crackles) and edema. Monitor for shortness of breath & set in semi-Fowler�s position. Check ABG, CBC, and chest X-ray results. Limit fluid and NA+ intake, administer diuretics, and supplement O2 if prescribed. Reposition every two hours if not mobile.

Same solute concentration, expands vascular volume.

Higher solute concentration, increased vascular volume. Pulls fluid into blood stream and out of cells.

Lower solute concentration, decreases vascular volume. Pulls fluid into cells and out of blood stream.

Regulates fluid balance, strengthens skeletal structures, and acts as catalysts for conduction, contraction, and metabolism and are distributed in the ICF and ECF � can be measured in plasma but not in cells.

135-145 mEq/L

Na+<136; Osmol<280

Na+>145; Osmol>300

3.5 � 5.0 mEq/L

K+<3.5

K+>5.0

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

Ca<9.0

Ca>10.5 mg/dL

1.3 � 2.1 mE/L

Mg2+<1.3 mg/dL

Movement of fluid and solutes across the membrane requiring energy.

Movement of fluid and solutes across the membrane requiring no energy.

Movement of water across the membrane from less concentration to more concentration.

Concentration of solutes providing pressure in body fluid.

A fluid that is the same osmolality as blood.

Lower osmolality than blood.

Higher osmolality than blood.

Passive process by which molecules of a solute move through a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.