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Temporalis
- Origin: Temporal fossa and fascia
- Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and anterior edge of ramus
- Actions: elevates and retracts mandible
- NR
- S (primarily)
- Palpate east to west
- Confirmation: Bite down
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Masseter
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible
- Actions: Elevates mandible; may assist to protract mandible
- NR
- B- deep to itself
- Palpate east to west
- Confirmation: clench teeth
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Medial Pterygoid
- Not palpable
- Origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
- Insertion: Inner surface of ramus of the mandible
- Actions: Elevates and protracts mandible; moves mandible side to side
- NR
- D
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Lateral Pterygoid
- Not palpable
- Origin: Sphenoid bone
- Insertion: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
- Actions: Protracts mandible and moves mandible side to side
- NR
- D
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