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Chinggis Khan
- (1167-1227)
- A counqueror who laid the foundation of a vast a mighty empire
- United the Mongols
- Established a Mongol supremacy in central asia
- Extended Mongol control to Northern China in the east and Persia in the west
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Mali king, Sundiata
- (reigned 1230-1255)
- Built the Mali Empire, first half of 13th cent. after his return from exile
- By 1235, consolidated his hold on the Mali Empire, included Ghana as well as neighboring kingdoms in the regions surrounding the Senegal and Niger rivers
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Tamerlane
- (1336-1405)
- Self-made Turkish conqueror
- Named "Timur the lame" because he walked with a limp
- Like Chinggis Khan he was a charasmatic leader and courageous warrior, and attracted a band of loyal followers
- He had extended his authority throughout the kharate of Chaghatai and build a magnificent imperial capital in Samarkland
- Prepared to invade China but fell ill and died
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Mansa Musa
- (reigned 1312-1337)
- Sundiata's grand-nephew
- Took his religion (Islam) seriously after his trip to Mecca
- Built mosques, particularly in the trading cities frequently visited by Muslim merchants
- Established religious schools to make Islam better known in Mali
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Pope Urban II
- (1035-1099)
- Launched the crusades in 1095
- Warned church leaders that the Muslim Turks were threatening the eastern borders of Christiandom
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" Those who pray, those who fight, and those who work"
- Refers to the three estates. The European society were places in different classes.
- Those who pray were clergy of the Roman catholic chuch.
- Those who fight are those who came from ranks of nobles and received an education.
- Those who work refer to the peasants and the serfs
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Ali'i nui
- The Hawaiian term for the classes of high chiefs
- High cheirs frequently launched campaigns to bring additional islands under their control and create large centralized states
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