placenta- umibilical veins- IVC- right atrium- foramen ovale- left atrium- left ventricle- SVC- right atrium- right ventricle- ductus arteriosus- systemic circulation- umibilical arteries- placenta
How does cereberal spinal fluid circulate
made in the choronid plexus in the lateral ventricles- third ventricle-fourth ventricle
What is the cerebral circulation of blood flow
internal carotids bifurate into
1) anterior cerebral arteries
2) middle cerebral arteries
3) ant./post. communicating arteries
vereterbals unite to form basiliar artery that bifurates into
posterior cerebral arteries
circle of willis
What is an intrathecal injection
injection into the subarachnoid space
What are the coverings of the brain
1) Dura Mater
2) Arachniod Layer
3) Pia Mater
What is the conus medullaris
the terminal end of the spinal cord, ending at L1-L2
What is a look-up table
compares density and luminscence values of image to those of previous exam
What is automatic rescaling
the process by which automatic readjustment of density and contrast is made to the image to align with previous exams
What is an exposure number
a number indicating the sensitivity of the image receptor to exposure, therefore, indicating over or under exposure during the exam
PACS is what and what does it do
Picture Archiving and Communication System
a computer system that manages the electronic images
DICOM stands for what and what does it do
Digital Imaging & Communication In Medicine
PACS standard for the exchange, display of and the storage of medical images and text
CCD is what and what does it do
Charged Couple Device
converts light to analog electrical signal
TFT stands for what and what does it do
Thin Film Transistors
electronic gates that allow for active read out
Acoustic Impedance is what and why is it important in ultrasound
the ability to stop the ultrasound beam
without an acoustic impedance there is no image
What are the different ways of weighing an image in MRI
1) Proton Density
2) T1 relaxation time
3) T2 relaxation time
4) Flow
What does gating mean
A technique the reduce image motion & blur by constructing the image from the same point in a cycle of repeating motion
like the heart cycle
What is a time-of-flight study
a special pulsed sequence that suppresses the area under study (arteries). A signal is only obtained from the tissue outside the area of study. Thus, the incoming blood appears bright where tissue signal has been suppressed.
What are the three phases of CT image formation
data acquistion
image reconstruction
image display
What is fourier transformation and where is it used in the image formation process
a method to study waves with application of different equations in order to reconstruct an image
used in image reconstruction to evulate attenuation projections in order to mathematically reconstruct images