Chapter 1 vocabulary part 2

Separates the stomach from the small intestines

An organic micronutrient that is essential for the normal physiologic function.

Inorganic substances needed in the diet in small amounts to help regulate bodily functions

The top portion of the small intestine

One of three segments of the small intestine

One of three sections of the small intestine

A greenish-yellow or brownish emulsifier that prepared fats and oils for digestion; produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine

Finger-like projections from the folds of the small intestines.

Tiny hair-like projections on each cell of every villus that can trap nutrient particles and transport them into the cells for absoption

The lower portion of the large intestine, the primary function of which is to absorb water; its segments are the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the sigmoid colon

A mineral that exists as a charged ion in the body and that is extremely important for normal cellular function

A simple sugar; the form in which all carbohydrates are used as the body's principal energy source.

The formation of blood cells

A joint

Compact, dense bone that is found in the shafts of long bones and the vertebral endplates.

Spongy or cancellous bone composed of thin plates that form a honeycomb pattern; predominantly found in the ends of long bones and the vertebral bodies

A band of fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle and attaching the muscle to a bone.

A disorder, primarily affecting postmenopausal women, in which the bone density decreases and susceptibility to fractures increases

The shaft of a long bone

The end of a long bone, usually wider than the shaft

A soft tissue lining the internal surface of the diaphysis on a long bone

Cartilaginous layer between the head and shaft of a long bone where bone growth occurs. Also called a growth plate.

A double-layered connective tissue sheath surrounding the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone; serves to cover and nourish the bone

A bone forming cell

A cell that reabsorbs or erodes bone mineral

A principle stating that bone is capable of increasing its strength in response to stress(eg. exercise) by lating down more bone

The brain and spinal chord

A strong, fibrous tissue that connects one bone to another

The imaginary line or point about which an object, such as a joint, rotates.

A biplanar movement involving the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

The act of moving a joint so that the two bones forming it are brought closer together

The act of straightening or extending a joint, usually applied to the muscular movement of a limb.

Movement away from the midline of the body

Movement toward the midline of the body

Internal rotation of a forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna and the palm to face posteriorly.

External rotation of the forearm (radioulnar joint) that causes the palm to face anteriorly.

Rotation of the foot to direct the plantar surface inward

Rotation of the foot to direct the plantar surface outward.

The parts of the nervous system that are outside the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

A group of nerve cell bodies usually located in the peripheral nervous system.

Holes or openings in a bone or between body cavities.

Strong connective tissues that perform a number of functions, including developing and isolating the muscles of the body and providing structural support and protection.

Division of the peripheral nervous system that conducts signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (efferent signal) and signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles (afferent signals).

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands. It has two division: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that is involved in regulating the routine functions of the body, such as heartbeat, digestion, and sleeping Opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system (eg. stimulates digestive secretions, slows the hear, constricts the pupils, dilated blood vessels)

A branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for mobilizing the body's energy and resources during times of stress and arousal. Opposes the physiological effects of the parasympathetic nervous system (eg. reduces digestive secretions, speeds the heart, contracts blood vessels)