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Staphylococcus aureus
1. Causes
2. Caused by
3. Organism Description
4. Transmission
5. Incubation period
6. Symptoms
7. Complications
8. Treatment
9. Prevention
- 1. Most common cause of Skin infections, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria)
- 2. Staphylococcus aureus3. G+ coccus, bunches, Found in nose and throat of carriers
- 4. from infected skin abscess
- 5. 2-4 days
- 6. -Skin Infections - Pustules, pimples, acne, boils (furuncles), small blisters (carbuncles), impetigo (rash) of face with pus
- -Toxic Shock Syndrome - Rash, fever, blood vessel damage
- -Scalded Skin Syndrome - Slim blisters that peels away
- -Necrotizing Fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria) - Leading cause of burn and wound infections
- 7. n/a
- 8. Difficult; Antibiotics (ABX) - azithromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline
- 9. no vaccine
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Staph. aureus is dangerous because it produces many exotoxins and harmful enzymes. List some of the exotoxins and enzymes produced.
- Necrotizing toxins - kills cells and tissue
- Enterotoxin - damage intestines
- Exfoliating toxins - skin layers separate and peels
- Hemolysins - destroys RBC's
- Leukocidins - destroys WBC's
- Collagenase - destroys connective tissue
- Coagulates - clots blood
- Capsules
- Can easily become antibiotic (ABX) resistant
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Group A beta Strep.
1. Causes
2. Caused by
3. Organism Description
4. Transmission
5. Incubation period
6. Symptoms
7. Complications
8. Treatment
9. Prevention
- 1. pharygitis, skin infections, Scarlet fever, Necrotizing fasciitis, Erysipilas, Scarlitina
- 2. Streptococcus pyogenes
- 3. G+ coccus in chains
- 4. respiratory secretions (pharangeal cough)
- 5. ?
- 6.-pharygitis; Strep throat and other respiratory complications
- -skin infections; impetigo
- -Scarlet fever; rash and high fever
- -Necrotizing fasciitis
- -Erysipilas; red, circular rash on trunk of children
- -Scarlitina; red rash
- 7. n/a
- 8. ABX - penicillin, cephalosporin, azithromycin, erythromycins
- 9. no vaccine
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List 3 exotoxins Streptococcus pyogenes produces.
- Necrotizing toxins - kills cells and tissue
- Hemolysins - destroys RBC's
- Erythrogenic toxins - causes Scarlet Fever
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Lyme Disease
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Borrelia burgdorferi
- 2. spirochete
- 3. carried by ticks and spreads to humans by tick vector (deer ticks), enters skin at site of tick attachment
- 4. 7-14 days
- 5. -large Bull's eye rash near site of tick attachment, lasts 1-3 weeks
- -Bacteria spreads to joints and causes inflammation (arthritis)
- 6. -Damage to lining of blood vessels (Blood pressure changes)
- -Endocarditis - change in heart rate
- -Depression-like symptoms - mental changes
- -If untreated symptoms can persist on and off for life
- 7. needs to be done immediately; ABX - erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline
- 8. no vaccine yet
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Anthrax
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Bacillus anthracis
- 2. G+ spore former, No natural cases in U.S.
- 3. Spores are found in certain soils (dry, desert-like), Spores get into skin or are inhaled, Spores germinate and bacteria produces necrotizing exotoxins
- 4. n/a
- 5. Exotoxin damages - skin; open sores
- -Lungs; Sores, hemorrhages, pneumonia,
- 6. Possibly death from pulmonary anthrax
- 7. ABX - penicillin, cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin
- 8. n/a
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Tetanus
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Clostridium tetani
- 2. G+ anaerobic spore former
- 3. Spores found in animal intestine, feces, and soil; Spores introduced into a low oxygen puncture wound; Spores germinate in wound, bacteria produces an exotoxin which enters blood and nervous systems
- 4. n/a
- 5. Tetanus
- toxin block cholinesterase and causes constant muscle contraction
- 6. Death from respiratory failure
- 7. antitoxin
- ABY's
- 8. DPT
- vaccine (DiphtheriaPertussisTetanus)
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Gas Gangrene
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Clostridium perfringens
- 2. G+ anaerobic spore former
- 3. Spores found in animal intestine, feces, and soil; Spores introduced into a low oxygen puncture wound; Spores germinate in wound, bacteria produces a necrotizing exotoxin
- 4. n/a
- 5. -Exotoxin kills cells and tissues, tissues soften and discolors, wet, gas formation
- -Tissue has no feeling because of nerve damage
- -Loss of tissue function
- -Bacteria spreads to other tissues and vital organs (organ failure)
- 6. n/a
- 7. -ABX - penicillin, cephalosporin
- -Removal of dead and infected tissues to allow new blood vessels.
- -Hyperbaric chamber - floods body with oxygen
- -Amputation
- 8. no vaccine
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Hauseus Disease - Leprosy
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Mycobacterium leprae
- 2. -Acid fast slender rod
- -100-200 cases per year in U.S.
- -20 million cases per year world wide
- 3. -Infected soils enter a wound
- -Infected secretions enter wound
- -Possibly insects
- -Not easy to spread human to human
- 4. 3-6 weeks
- 5. -Open sores on exposed skin (face, neck, head, arms, feet)
- -Scar tissue forms around sores and harden, disfiguring lumps of scar tissue
- -Spread to bone - necrosis and ulceration of bones
- -Spread to local nervous system - anesthesia
- -Takes years for all symptoms to develop
- 6. -Spread to lungs - tuberculoid leprosy, Scarring pneumonia, death
- 7. ABX can slow down the progress of infection - sulfa drugs, rifamycin, streptomycin
- 8. no vaccine
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Pseudomonas
1. Caused by
2. Organism Description
3. Transmission
4. Incubation period
5. Symptoms/Duration
6. Complications
7. Treatment
8. Prevention
- 1. Pseudomonas
- 2. G- rod; Found in intestines and on healthy skin
- 3. Infects skin as an opportunist
- 4. n/a
- 5. -Leading cause of burn and wound infections
- -Can also cause UT infections, ear infections, septicemia, and pneumonia
- 6. n/a
- 7. very ABX resistant; ABX - gentamycin, amikacin, colistrin, carbenicillin
- 8. no vaccine
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