BLANK is generally higher when an individual participates in setting h is or her own goals than when the goals are imposed from above.
Motivation
If a manager is not able to meet the budget and it has been BLANK, the manager can always say that the budget was unreasonable or unrealistic to start with, therefore was impossible to meet.
imposed from above
A BLANK is a detailed plan for acquiring and using financial and other resources
over a specified time period.
budget
BLANK involves developing objectives and preparing various budgets to achieve
those objectives.
Planning
The budgeting process can uncover potential BLANK before they occur.
bottlenecks
BLANK involves the steps taken by management to increase the likelihood that the objectives set down at the planning stage are attained.
Control
Budgets define goals and objectives that can serve as BLANK for evaluating subsequent performance.
benchmarks
In BLANK, a manager is held accountable for those items, and only those items, over which he orshe has significant control.
responsibility accounting
A BLANK is one that is prepared with the full cooperation and participation of managers at all levels of the organization.
self-imposed budget
A BLANK is usually responsible for overall policy matters relating to the budget program and for coordinating the preparation of the budget itself.