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lancesadams
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Akinesia
Absence or poor movement
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Dyskinseia
Fragmentary or incomplete movements
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Dystonia
Disordered tonicity of muscles
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Dysmetria
Inproper measuring of distance in muscular acts
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Dysdiadochokinesia
Impairment of the ability to perform rapid altering movements
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What is the function of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
Adjusts ongoing movements and regulates muscle tone
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What is the main input of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
Spinocerebellar tracts
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What is the role of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum
Coordinates planning of movements
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What is the main input into the Posterior lobe of the cerebellum
Sensory and motor cortices
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What is the role of the Flocculo-nodular lobe of the cerebellum
Controls balance and eye movements
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What is the primary input to the Flocculo-nodular lobe of the cerebellum
Semicircular canals and the vestibular nuclei
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What are the four different nuclei in the cerebellum from external to internal
- Dentate
- Emboliform
- Globose
- Fastigial
- "Don't Eat Greasy Food"
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What are the layers of the cerebellum
- Molecular layer
- Purkinje layer
- Granule layer
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What are the 5 different Neuronal types on the cerebellum
- Stellate cells
- Basket cells
- Purkinje cells
- Golgi cells
- Granule cells
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What is the only cell in the cerebellum that is an output cell
Purkinje the rest are local circuit neurons
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What does the granule cell synapse on
- Excitatory on Basket, Stellate, Golgi cells, and Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer
- They effect all
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What do the Basket cells synapse on
- Inhibitory on Purkinje cell soma in the Purkinje layer
- BP
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What do the Stellate cells synapse on
- Inhibitory on the Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer
- S&P 500 is in the (-)
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What do the Golgi cells synapse on
- Inhibitory on the mossy fibers in the Granule layer
- mGM Grand
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What do the Purkinje cells synapse on
- Inhibitory on the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (DCN) using GABA
- They are the Major output Neuron of the cerebellar cortex
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What is the only excitatory cell in the cerebellum
Granule cells
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What are the two different ways that the cerebellum receives termination of afferent signals
- Mossy fibers - Terminate as excitatory synapses with dendrites of granule cells "mossy ground"
- Climbing Fibers - Arising only from the inferior olive and "climb" dendrites of the Purkinje cells and terminate as excitatory synapses
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Mossy and climbing fibers have a common synapse where
On the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (DCN)
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What will never happen in a lesion from the cerebellum
Produce paralysis, but it will cause disequilibrium, ataxia, dysmetria, and changes to muscle tone
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Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract pathway
- Golgi tendon
- DRG
- Funiculus Gracilis
- Spinal Border cells
- Anterior White Commissure (cross)
- Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract
- Brainstem (cross)
- Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Cerebellum
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What tract uses the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
Anterior Spinocerebellar
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Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
- DRG
- Fasiculus Gracilis
- Clarkes Nucleus
- Lateral Funiculus
- Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
- Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Cerebellum
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What is transmitted by the Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract
Golgi tendon organs afferent information from the distal lower limbs to the cerebellum
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What information does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract transmit
Golgi Tendon organ and muscle spindle afferent information from the trunk and proximal lower limb to the cerebellum
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Cuneocerebellar Tract pathway
- Golgi Tendon
- DRG
- Fasciculus Cuneatus
- Lateral Cuneate Nucleus
- Cuneocerebellar Tract
- Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
- Cerebellum
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What is the general idea of the Cerebellar pathways
- Cerebellum receives input from motor structures with their intended motion
- Cerebellum receives extra input about the affect of the action
- Cerebellum decides the appropriate action
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Truncal Ataxia
- Lesions to Flocculonodular lobe
- Patients have drunk like gait
- Perform walk the line test (Tandem Gait test) they will deviate towards the side of the lesion
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Appendicular Ataxia
- Lesion to the cerebellar hemispheres/ lateral zones
- Affects movement of extremities
- Dysdiadochokinesia
- "Appendicular = appendages"
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What is a test that one can perform to test Appendicular Ataxia
- Finger - Nose - Finger
- Patient is asked to touch his nose and then quickly touch the examiners outstretched finger alternating back and forth
- If not a straight line it is positive
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What is a simple action that patients with cerebellar dysfunction aren't able to perform
Pronate and Supinate
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What tracts are affected in Friedrichs Ataxia
- Spinocerebellar
- Dorsal Columns
- Corticospinal Tracts
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Classical conditioning (pavlovs dogs) is partially controlled by the
Cerebellum
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What three cognitive functions can be affected by a damaged cerebellum
- Motor learning
- Classical conditioning
- Higher cognitive functions (concentration ect.)
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