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features and assessment of psychopathy
- affective (feelings and emotions): egocentric, lacking empathy,
-assessment: Psychometric test (psychopathy checklist revised)
- -superficial/gibbness
- -cunning/manipulative behavior
- -lack of remorse/guilt
- -callousness/lack of empathy
- -impulsiveness
- -3x likey to commit another crime
- -behavior is deviant from society
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How thoughts, behavior, and
feelings interact? How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) deal with thoughts, behavior, and feelings?
- -identify distorted beliefs and change them
- -thoughts/behaviors/feeling
- -hardest to change is feelings
- -Beck's idea is to focus on THOUGHTS
- -be realistc, view other options of how people view you
thoughts>>behaviors>>feelings
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Role of negative thoughts in anxiety?
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What’s involved in the first session of CBT?
- Assessment
- -what are your concerns
- -what would you do differently
- -what would you like to change
- -biggest impact on your life
- Relevant History
- -how have you dealt with things in the past
- -what was your experience with therapy
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Relationship between the therapist and client in CBT
- Collaborative
- -therapist and client are both active participants, working together
- Importance of shared goals
- - agreement on goals and intervention strategies
-Homework
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What’s involved in psychoeducation?
- -nature of disorder and symptoms
- -prevalence
- -nature of emotions
- -explanation of specific symptoms
- -cognitive-behavioral conceptualization
- Functions of Emotions
- -provide info
- -universal
- -adaptive
- -don't get rid of emotions
- -experience and handle emotions more adaptively
- Explanation of Specific Symptoms
- -Anxiety Disorders
- -why do we get afraid, what does it signal
- -problematic ways of dealing with fear
- -avoidance
- -overestimating danger
- -assuming we can't manage it
- Goals of treatment
- -face fears (exposure)
- -learn to realistically estimate danger (exposure and restructuring)
- -learn you can tolerate your anxiety (exposure)
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Fear Hierarchies
Expose client to feared situation/object progressively from low ranked fears to very high ranked fears
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Flooding
- -Simultaneous exposure to feared stimulus
- -0-120mph, no building sense of confidence
- -doesn't work
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Cycle of anxiety over time
- 1. exposure-anxiety climbing
- 2. Panic peaking
- 3.avoidance (escape)
- 4.anxiety quickly dropping
- 5.failure to habituate
- 6.return to trigger
- 7.return to step 1
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How does exposure therapy aim to correct the cycle of anxiety?
-wait it out long enough to habituate to feared object/situation
- Mastery of Anxiety
- 1. exposure-anxiety climbing
- 2. panic peaking
- 3. habituation
- 4.anxiety coasting
- 5. mastery after going from least to most fearful habituations
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Lessons learned by the client in behavioral/exposure therapy?
- -anxiety is transient
- -avoidance strengthens fear; exposure lessens it
- -habituation is natural and automatic
- -anxiety in anticipation is usually higher than anxiety in actual exposure
- -feared consequences do not materialize
- -what happens when you get beter
- -termination of active therapy
- -you continue to use the skills and new ways of thinking that you've learned in therapy
-75%-85% recover
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Differences between cognitive restructuring
and exposure techniques?
restructuring: trying to rethink cognitively about a feared object, try to think of alternative explanations as to why something is scary
Exposure: interacting with a feared object and learning to let anxiety decrease on it's own
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