history final

French term for a revolt by military leaders to overthrow a government

leader of France during the Riegn of Terror

According to Enlightenment thinkers, the purpose of governments: to ____ the ____ of the people

people of the First Estate of France before the French Revolution

Date of the storming of the Bastille

people of the Second Estate of France before the French Revolution

Enlightenment’s natural rights

policy used by the Russians to burn crops and villages, leaving the French troops hungry and cold

first island Napoleon was exiled to

Polish scholar who challenged the belief that Earth was at the center of the universe

French word for middle class who, along with poor city workers and rural peasants, made up the Third Estate of France before the French Revolution

second island Napoleon was exiled to

French philosopher who believed that all people possess natural rights

system of laws established by Napoleon to oversee his empire

Italian astronomer who provided further evidence to support the heliocentric theory

center of the universe for most Middle Ages European scholars

period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a belief in human reason

two countries seemingly beyond Napoleon’s control

area of Russia convicts were sent to as punishment for their crimes

South American revolutionary nicknamed "the Liberator"

Latin American mountains that made unity difficult

the Congress of Vienna settlement was a victory for _____ in Europe

leader of a revolt by Haitian slaves

the stabilizing influence in Latin America

ruling power belongs to a small, powerful elite

violent attacks on Jews in Russia

"the sick man of Europe"

Chancellor of Prussia who wanted to unify Germany through a policy of “blood and iron”

Book written by Adam Smith to promote his laissez-faire economic ideas

Developed the theories of evolution and natural selection

Book written by Marx and Friedrich Engels to spread their political ideology

First king of a united Italy

Reason 1 million Irish died of starvation or disease and millions more moved to the United States and Canada

Organized Zulu warriors to fight European rule in Africa

built first successful airplan

insisted that doctors use antiseptics

discovered new radioactive elements

questioned basic ideas about the human mind

discovered that penicillium killed germs (bacteria)

founded Standard Oil Company

first American automakers

telegraph and code

first French automaker

telephone

first German automaker

founded US Steel Company

first practical light bulb

Archduke of and heir to A-H

cease-fire

spreading ideas to further a cause

final set of requests or demands

term for a country at war

German Foreign Minister during World War I

person responsible for “lighting the spark” that started World War I

German plan for a quick defeat of France through Belgium

treaty making peace between Germany and Russia

glorification of the military

US President during World War I

Members of the Triple Entente

weapon first used by the Germans in the oceans

nickname of the Balkans

Chinese leader that formed the Guomindang

Indian nationalist who promoted nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience

concept of Jewish people wanting to establish a Jewish state in Palestine

leader at the WWI Peace Conference suggested his Fourteen Points

refusal to buy British goods

money paid for damages caused during the war

refusal to obey unjust laws

the Amritsar Massacre occurred when a group of Indians illegally assembled and were fired upon by ______ troops

writers, artists, and musicians of the 1920’s and 30’s: the “______ Generation”

An anti-communist and anti-Semitic form of fascism carried to extremes.

region of China invaded and taken by the Japanese for its coal

System in which power is exercised by the people either directly or indirectly through a system of representation.

secret police established in the USSR

“super-highway” Hitler had built in Germany

term for Hitler’s secret police

The “title” Hitler used for Germany during his reign

term given to the Communist revolutionaries in Russia

colony on the mainland of Asia that the Japanese had established before their invasion of China

term Hitler used for his “master” race

Japanese term for their secret police

title Hitler used as the sole leader of Germany

leader and organizer of the Red Army in the USSR

title of the book written by Hitler outlining his plans to take over the world

peasants in the USSR who refused to give up their farmland

two main needs of the island-nation of Japan

private army/police established by Mussolini

“German” region of Czechoslovakia taken by Hitler

British Prime Minister at the end of the war

island half-way between the US and Japan

British Prime Minister during the Battle of Britain

Japanese suicide bombers

Chinese nationalist supported by the US to fight against the Japanese in China

landing sight of the allied invasion of France

codename of the US effort to build the atomic bomb

meeting place of the “Big 3” giving Hitler the Sudetenland

communist leader in French Indochina the US supported in his fight against the Japanese

official military codename for D-Day

communist leader of the Soviet Union throughout the war

sight of largest tank battle in Africa

fascist leader of Germany during World War II

sight of massive Allied evacuation from France

fascist leader of Italy during World War II

sight of post-war trials in Germany

fascist leader of Spain during World War II

sight of US naval base housing the Pacific Fleet

first country attacked by Germany

British Prime Minister at the beginning of the war

first original Japanese land taken by the US

US General in charge of all American troops in the Philippines

France Nazi puppet-state in southern France

US President at the beginning of the war

German “lightning war”

US President during the dropping of the atomic bombs

German tank general in North Africa

Leader of the Communists in China

two world superpowers that emerged from World War II

Writer of the massive economic aid package designed to strengthen democratic governments and lessen the appeal of communism

Attempt by the US and Cuban exiles to get rid of Castro in Cuba: invasion of the _____

part of the UN that promotes human rights

City hosting the Olympics the US boycotted

part of the UN that provides a voice to all representatives from every member nation

communist forces in S. Vietnam

part of the UN that rules on international legal disputes

Effort by western countries to fly in 2 million tons of goods in 11 months to Berlin

promised massive land reform in Cuba

last USSR leader

long-time ruling-family of Nicaragua

leader of North Korea

Russian President who denounced the coup against Gorbachev

leader of Romania who fought against revolution and change

Sandinista leader of Nicaragua

leader of Solidarity labor union in Poland

Term used in the 1970s to describe the period of “relaxing” in tensions between the US and USSR

Most common method used by the USSR in stopping revolts in their satellite nations: the use of Soviet troops and _____

tried to introduce reforms in Czechoslovakia

part of the UN that administers territories

US pilot of the U-2 spy-plane captured by the USSR

part of the UN that investigates peace threatening situations

US President elected with a promise to withdrawal troops from Vietnam

part of the UN that oversees administrative work of the UN

US President given permission to do “whatever necessary” with the Tonkin Resolution

“Asian Tiger” known for its light industries such as textile factories

“Asian Tiger” known for its major financial center (foreign banks and stock market)

“Asian Tiger” known for its textiles and inexpensive goods as well as automobiles

leader of Argentin

“Asian Tiger” known for one of the world's busiest harbors and a center of trade

leader of China after Mao’s death

a Muslim legal expert

leader of Iran who encouraged his followers to take Americans hostage

black Anglican bishop who spoke out against apartheid

leader of Panama believed to be helping smuggle drugs into the US

countries with conflicts between the Christians and Muslims

official government policy in South Africa dealing with the separation of the races

country invaded by Iraq, who tried to seize its oil fields

president of South Africa that brought about an end to many apartheid policies

country with conflicts between the Blacks and Whites

religion that blends elements of Islam and Hinduism

country with conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi

second president of Russia

first black president of South Africa

mass murder of a large group of ethnically or religiously related peoples

first prime minister of India

the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is usually called by this simple acronym

full name of the daughter who became prime minister of India after the death of her father

two European groups that ruled South Africa for 350 years

full name of the leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia

uprising begun in Palestine against Israel and her allies

island of turned over to China on July 1, 1997

Beatles big single release in 1962

Chinese Premier who re-established diplomatic relations with the USSR

Pope who replaced Pope John XXIII who died

former Nazi official in charge of concentration camps in Germany and executed in Israel

recalled leader of France given dictatorial powers

French actress who achieved stardom in And God Created Woman

Russian author of Dr. Zhivago

location of the production company that made the movie Bridge on the River Kwai

sleeping and morning sickness drug that caused deformations in babies

music idol spokesperson for the Pepsi Company

succeeded Stalin as Premier of USSR

music idol spokespersons for the CocaCola Company

first US civilians charged and executed for spying

plague discovered in homosexuals, drugusers, and Haitians

toy introduced by the Wham-o Toy Company in 1959