-
French term for a revolt by military leaders to overthrow a government
coup de tat
-
leader of France during the Riegn of Terror
Robespierre
-
According to Enlightenment thinkers, the purpose of governments: to ____ the ____ of the people
protect rights
-
people of the First Estate of France before the French Revolution
clergy
-
Date of the storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789
-
people of the Second Estate of France before the French Revolution
nobilty
-
Enlightenment’s natural rights
life, liberty, and death!! proprety
-
policy used by the Russians to burn crops and villages, leaving the French troops hungry and cold
scorched earth
-
first island Napoleon was exiled to
Elba
-
Polish scholar who challenged the belief that Earth was at the center of the universe
Copernicus
-
French word for middle class who, along with poor city workers and rural peasants, made up the Third Estate of France before the French Revolution
bourgeoisie
-
second island Napoleon was exiled to
Sthelena
-
French philosopher who believed that all people possess natural rights
John Locke
-
system of laws established by Napoleon to oversee his empire
Napoleonic code
-
Italian astronomer who provided further evidence to support the heliocentric theory
Galileo
-
center of the universe for most Middle Ages European scholars
Earth
-
period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a belief in human reason
Enlightenment
-
two countries seemingly beyond Napoleon’s control
Britain and Russia
-
area of Russia convicts were sent to as punishment for their crimes
Siberia
-
South American revolutionary nicknamed "the Liberator"
Bolivar
-
Latin American mountains that made unity difficult
Andes
-
the Congress of Vienna settlement was a victory for _____ in Europe
conservatism
-
leader of a revolt by Haitian slaves
Louvetture
-
the stabilizing influence in Latin America
Catholic Church
-
ruling power belongs to a small, powerful elite
oligarchy
-
violent attacks on Jews in Russia
pogroms
-
"the sick man of Europe"
The Ottoman Empire
-
Chancellor of Prussia who wanted to unify Germany through a policy of “blood and iron”
Otto von Bismarck
-
Book written by Adam Smith to promote his laissez-faire economic ideas
The Wealth of Nations
-
Developed the theories of evolution and natural selection
Charles Darwin
-
Book written by Marx and Friedrich Engels to spread their political ideology
The Communist Manifesto
-
First king of a united Italy
Victor Emmanuel of Sardina
-
Reason 1 million Irish died of starvation or disease and millions more moved to the United States and Canada
Potato Famine
-
Organized Zulu warriors to fight European rule in Africa
Shaka
-
built first successful airplan
Wright Bros.
-
insisted that doctors use antiseptics
Lister
-
discovered new radioactive elements
Curie Bros.
-
questioned basic ideas about the human mind
Sigmund Freud
-
discovered that penicillium killed germs (bacteria)
Liester
-
founded Standard Oil Company
Rockefeller
-
first American automakers
Duryea Bros.
-
-
first French automaker
Renault
-
-
first German automaker
Daimlar
-
founded US Steel Company
Morgan
-
first practical light bulb
Edison
-
Archduke of and heir to A-H
Franz Ferdinand
-
-
spreading ideas to further a cause
propaganda
-
final set of requests or demands
ultimatum
-
term for a country at war
belligerant
-
German Foreign Minister during World War I
Zimmerman
-
person responsible for “lighting the spark” that started World War I
Gavrilo Princip
-
German plan for a quick defeat of France through Belgium
schlieffen plan
-
treaty making peace between Germany and Russia
Brest Litovsk
-
glorification of the military
militarism
-
US President during World War I
Wilson
-
Members of the Triple Entente
France, GB, Russia
-
weapon first used by the Germans in the oceans
submarines
-
nickname of the Balkans
"powder keg of Europe"
-
Chinese leader that formed the Guomindang
Sun Yat Sen
-
Indian nationalist who promoted nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
Ghandi
-
concept of Jewish people wanting to establish a Jewish state in Palestine
Zionism
-
leader at the WWI Peace Conference suggested his Fourteen Points
President Wilson
-
refusal to buy British goods
boycot
-
money paid for damages caused during the war
reparations
-
refusal to obey unjust laws
civil disobediance
-
the Amritsar Massacre occurred when a group of Indians illegally assembled and were fired upon by ______ troops
British
-
writers, artists, and musicians of the 1920’s and 30’s: the “______ Generation”
Lost
-
An anti-communist and anti-Semitic form of fascism carried to extremes.
Nazism
-
region of China invaded and taken by the Japanese for its coal
Munchuria
-
System in which power is exercised by the people either directly or indirectly through a system of representation.
Democracy
-
secret police established in the USSR
checka
-
“super-highway” Hitler had built in Germany
autobahn
-
term for Hitler’s secret police
gestapo
-
The “title” Hitler used for Germany during his reign
third reich
-
term given to the Communist revolutionaries in Russia
Red Army
-
colony on the mainland of Asia that the Japanese had established before their invasion of China
Korea
-
term Hitler used for his “master” race
Aryans
-
Japanese term for their secret police
Shisoukeisatsu
-
title Hitler used as the sole leader of Germany
fuhrer
-
leader and organizer of the Red Army in the USSR
Trotsky
-
title of the book written by Hitler outlining his plans to take over the world
Mein Kampf
-
peasants in the USSR who refused to give up their farmland
kulaks
-
two main needs of the island-nation of Japan
raw materials and living space
-
private army/police established by Mussolini
black shirts
-
“German” region of Czechoslovakia taken by Hitler
Sudetenland
-
British Prime Minister at the end of the war
Attlee
-
island half-way between the US and Japan
Midway
-
British Prime Minister during the Battle of Britain
Winston Churchill
-
Japanese suicide bombers
Kamikaze
-
Chinese nationalist supported by the US to fight against the Japanese in China
Chiang Kai Shek
-
landing sight of the allied invasion of France
Normandy
-
codename of the US effort to build the atomic bomb
Manhattan Project
-
meeting place of the “Big 3” giving Hitler the Sudetenland
Munich
-
communist leader in French Indochina the US supported in his fight against the Japanese
Ho Chi Minh
-
official military codename for D-Day
Operation Overlord
-
communist leader of the Soviet Union throughout the war
Stalin
-
sight of largest tank battle in Africa
El Ala Mein
-
fascist leader of Germany during World War II
Adolf Hitler
-
sight of massive Allied evacuation from France
Dunkirk
-
fascist leader of Italy during World War II
Mousolini
-
sight of post-war trials in Germany
Yalta
-
fascist leader of Spain during World War II
Franco
-
sight of US naval base housing the Pacific Fleet
Pearl Harbor
-
first country attacked by Germany
Poland
-
British Prime Minister at the beginning of the war
Chamberlain
-
first original Japanese land taken by the US
Okinawa
-
US General in charge of all American troops in the Philippines
MacArthur
-
France Nazi puppet-state in southern France
Vichy France
-
US President at the beginning of the war
Rosevelt
-
German “lightning war”
blitzkrieg
-
US President during the dropping of the atomic bombs
Truman
-
German tank general in North Africa
Rommel
-
Leader of the Communists in China
Mao Zedong
-
two world superpowers that emerged from World War II
USA and USSR
-
Writer of the massive economic aid package designed to strengthen democratic governments and lessen the appeal of communism
Marshal
-
Attempt by the US and Cuban exiles to get rid of Castro in Cuba: invasion of the _____
Bay of Pigs
-
part of the UN that promotes human rights
Economic and Social Council
-
City hosting the Olympics the US boycotted
Moscow
-
part of the UN that provides a voice to all representatives from every member nation
General Assembly
-
communist forces in S. Vietnam
Viet Cong
-
part of the UN that rules on international legal disputes
International Court of Justice
-
Effort by western countries to fly in 2 million tons of goods in 11 months to Berlin
Berlin Air Lift
-
promised massive land reform in Cuba
Fidel Castro
-
last USSR leader
Gorbachev
-
long-time ruling-family of Nicaragua
Somoza
-
leader of North Korea
Kim Il Sung
-
Russian President who denounced the coup against Gorbachev
Yeltsin
-
leader of Romania who fought against revolution and change
Ceausescu
-
Sandinista leader of Nicaragua
Ortega
-
leader of Solidarity labor union in Poland
Walesa
-
Term used in the 1970s to describe the period of “relaxing” in tensions between the US and USSR
detente
-
Most common method used by the USSR in stopping revolts in their satellite nations: the use of Soviet troops and _____
tanks
-
tried to introduce reforms in Czechoslovakia
Dubcek
-
part of the UN that administers territories
Trusteeship Council
-
US pilot of the U-2 spy-plane captured by the USSR
Powers
-
part of the UN that investigates peace threatening situations
Security Council
-
US President elected with a promise to withdrawal troops from Vietnam
Nixon
-
part of the UN that oversees administrative work of the UN
Secretariat
-
US President given permission to do “whatever necessary” with the Tonkin Resolution
Johnson
-
“Asian Tiger” known for its light industries such as textile factories
Taiwan
-
“Asian Tiger” known for its major financial center (foreign banks and stock market)
Hong Kong
-
“Asian Tiger” known for its textiles and inexpensive goods as well as automobiles
South Korea
-
leader of Argentin
Juan Peron
-
“Asian Tiger” known for one of the world's busiest harbors and a center of trade
Singapore
-
leader of China after Mao’s death
Deng Xiaoping
-
a Muslim legal expert
Ayatollah
-
leader of Iran who encouraged his followers to take Americans hostage
Mahamoud Ahmadinejad
-
black Anglican bishop who spoke out against apartheid
Desmond Tutu
-
leader of Panama believed to be helping smuggle drugs into the US
Manuel Nonega
-
countries with conflicts between the Christians and Muslims
-
official government policy in South Africa dealing with the separation of the races
apartheid
-
country invaded by Iraq, who tried to seize its oil fields
Kuwait
-
president of South Africa that brought about an end to many apartheid policies
Nelson Mandella
-
country with conflicts between the Blacks and Whites
South Africa
-
religion that blends elements of Islam and Hinduism
Sikhism
-
country with conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi
Rwanda
-
second president of Russia
Vladimir Putin
-
first black president of South Africa
F.W. de Klerk
-
mass murder of a large group of ethnically or religiously related peoples
genocide
-
first prime minister of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
-
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is usually called by this simple acronym
OPEC
-
full name of the daughter who became prime minister of India after the death of her father
Indira Gandhi
-
two European groups that ruled South Africa for 350 years
Dutch and British
-
full name of the leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia
Pol Pot
-
uprising begun in Palestine against Israel and her allies
-
island of turned over to China on July 1, 1997
Hong Kong
-
Beatles big single release in 1962
Love Me Do
-
Chinese Premier who re-established diplomatic relations with the USSR
Chouenlai
-
Pope who replaced Pope John XXIII who died
Pope Paul
-
former Nazi official in charge of concentration camps in Germany and executed in Israel
Eichmann
-
recalled leader of France given dictatorial powers
Charles de Gaulle
-
French actress who achieved stardom in And God Created Woman
Bridgette Bardot
-
Russian author of Dr. Zhivago
Boris Pasternak
-
location of the production company that made the movie Bridge on the River Kwai
Britain
-
sleeping and morning sickness drug that caused deformations in babies
Thalidomide
-
music idol spokesperson for the Pepsi Company
Michael Jackson
-
succeeded Stalin as Premier of USSR
Malenkov
-
music idol spokespersons for the CocaCola Company
George Michael and Paula Abdul
-
first US civilians charged and executed for spying
Rosenbergs
-
plague discovered in homosexuals, drugusers, and Haitians
AIDS
-
toy introduced by the Wham-o Toy Company in 1959
hula-hoop
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