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genetic code
the amino acids and stop signals that are coded for by each of the possible mRNA codons
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gene
a section of DNA on a chromosome used for making specific proteins
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stop codon
indicates where protein production should stop
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start codon
- indicates where protein production should start
- - always AUG
- - codes for the amino acid "Met"
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RNA(ribonucleic acid)
- a nucleic acid similar to DNA in three main ways:
- 1) RNA is a single sttrand
- 2) uses the base uracil instead of thymine
- 3) contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
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nucleotide
- made up of three parts:
- 1) sugar- deoxyribose
- 2) phospate group
- 3) nitrogen base
- - adenine
- -guanine
- -cytosine
- -thymine
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transcription
when information on the DNA is transferred to mRNA
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gene expression
processing information from DNA to proteins
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pyrimidenes
- single rings
- -thymine
- -cytosine
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tRNA(transfer RNA)
acts as an interpreter molecule
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mutation
a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome
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translation
when information on the mRNA is used to make a protein
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anticodon
a three nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complimentary to a codon
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mRNA (messenger RNA)
an RNA used as a blueprint for a protein
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double helix
two strands of DNA twisted together
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codon
a three nucleotide sequence on an mRNA that is complimentary to an anticodon and serves as the instructions for making a protein
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replication
the process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA
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rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
becomes part of the ribosome
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purines
- double rings
- -adenine
- -guanine
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