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Trapezius
Superficial back muscle
- - proximal attachment: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
- - distal attachment: Lateral one third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
- - action: Elevates, retracts, depresses, and rotates the
- scapula
- - innervation: Spinal accessory n. (CN IX) and cervical nn (C3-C4)
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Latissimus dorsi
Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: Spinous processes of T7 vertebra to sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 10-12
- distal attachment: Intertubercular groove of the humerus
- action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
- innervation: Thoracodorsal n (C6-C8)
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Levator scapulae
- Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
- distal attachment: Upper portion of the medial border of the scapula
- action: Elevates and downward rotates the scapula
- innervation: Cevical nn (C3-C4) and dorsal scapular n (C5)
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Rhomboid major
Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
- distal attachment: Medial margin of the scapula
- action: Retract and elevate the scapula
- innervation: Dorsal scapular n. (C4-C5)
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Rhomboid minor
Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
- distal attachment: Medial margin of the scapula
- action: Retract and elevate the scapula
- innervation: Dorsal scapular n. (C4-C5)
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Serratus posterior superior
Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: C7-T3 vertebrae
- distal attachment: Ribs 2-5
- action: Elevates the ribs
- innervation: Anterior rami of T2-T5 thoracic nn
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Serratus posterior inferior
Superficial back muscle
- proximal attachment: T11-L3 vertebrae
- distal attachment: Ribs 9-12
- action: Depresses the ribs
- innervation: Anterior rami of T9-T12 thoracic nn.
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