Psych Chpt 15

treatment based on medical approaches to illness and disease'ex: drug treatment, shock treatment

early biological treatment,
-drill holes into the skull to release evil spirits

psychologist who advocated for physcial and perceptual restraints
-like covering a cage when a bird gets upset

won the Nobel Prize for his technique of frontal lobatomy
-->uses icepick like instrument to sever frontal lobe

practice of severing parts of the brain to treat disorders
casues lethargy
-advocated for not just for violent patients but also, depressed people, hyperactive children, etc
over 50,000 in US alone

a procedure used to treat depressioin; involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain
-works but we don't know why
-can cause temporary memory loss
-used in the treatment of depression that has been resistent to other treatments

procedure used in depression treatment, has less side effects than ECT
-uses pulses to disrupt function of certain brain regions

implanting electrodes in brain to stimulate brain activity trhough electric currents
-like a pace maker for the brain
-successful in treatment of Parkinson's, maybe OCD (DBS of caudate)

class of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis
-take 2 weeks to work
-aka neuroleptics

antipsychotic, blocks dopamine (dopamine antagonist), decreases positive symptoms
-can lead to pseudoParkinson's and tardive dyskinesia
-causes less hallucogenic responses

antipsychotic
-treats postiive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
-affects dopamine and other neurotransmitters
-no motor tics, but risk of seizure, cardiovascular or immune problems

involuntary twitching
-possible side effect of Haloperidol

class of psychotropic medications used for treatment of anxiety
-work instantaneously
ex: Valium and Xanex
-can be addictive

examples of antianxiety drugs which enhance GABA to produce tranquilizing effect
-can be addictive

class of psychotropic drugs used to treat depression
work in 3-4 weeks

increase time norepinephrine, dopamine and seratonin in system--> blocks the enzyme that usually breaks them down
-type of antidepressant
-cannot ingest tyramine (wine, cheese)

type of antidepressant-
slows reuptake at serotonin receptors
-does not have the same side effects as MAOs
ex: Prozac

a mood stabalizer used in treating bipolar disorder
-generally works on manic side
-causes thirst, memory problems, hand tremors
-effective but there is often non-compliance into patients due to side effects
-works in 4-6 days

verbal interactions between terapist and client designed to enhance self-knowledge and produce psychologial change

technique used by Freud, including free association and dream analysis
-the therapist is seen as having all the answers- does interpreting
-not effective for mental disorders or even self-knowledge

an empathic approach to therapy, it encourages personal growth through greater self-understanding
-used by Rogers
-the therapist reflects back on what client is saying
-client has the answers--> therapist there to support
-useful for temporary stresses/coping, but not mental disorders

treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions
goal: to lead to rational thoughts and perceptions of self and problems
-used by Beck and Ellis
-clients and the therapist share the responsibility

treatment style that wants to gently change, therapist warm and non-confrontational
-->they give hw assignments
-->gently prod patient into thinking rationally

treatment style in which the therapist confronts irrational beliefs
--> not gentle

type of therapy which focuses on behavior symptoms-->not thoughts that lead to them
**assume all behavior can be learned and unlearned

type of therapy which reduces phobias/anxiety through progressive counter-conditioning
1) anxiety heirarchy 2) relaxation techniques
3)associate things with relaxation--> step up heirarchy
**affective for simple phobias

behaviro therapy in which you face the fear--> will break the exagerated terro
-you will get over the terror
-can be used with antianxiety drugs
-sometimes used to treat OCD

reduces troublesome behavior through aversive conditioning ex: shock or nausea
effective for: smoking, alcoholism, gambling, overeating, severe cases of autism (controversial)
difficult to do on one's own

therapy that relies on learning to enhance social skills, assertiveness, communication skills, etc
--> uses models to try to mimic the behavior
-->rewarded for correct behavior
-used for schizophrenia for social skills and self-care
-also for social phobia, marriage counseling, social anxiety

focus on pleasure/enjoyment, avoiding pain

focus on growth/meaning

has a PhD or PsyD
work in academic or hospital settings
design and analysis of research and use of treatment

have a medical degree MD
work in hospitals or private practice
-only group legally authorized to perscribe drugs

PHD
works in shcools/college (counseling)
adjustment to life--> not focused on mental illness
-ex: anxiety, sleep disorder, learning disorders, family issues etc

masters in social work MSW
work in psychiatric hospitals or make house calls
help get resources for clients, work with patients

bachelor's in Nursing (BSN)
work in hospitals or treatment centers

have limited advanced training, have a supervisor
work in outreach programs, residential treatment cetners
assist in challenges of daily living

a form of therapy used to treat boderline personality disorder
1)target extreme behaviors (ex:suicide)
2) explore past traumatic experiences that may be root of problem
3) develop self-respect and independence

a difficult personality disorder to treat
-often the patient tries to manipulate the therapist

percursors to antisocial disorder