Primary Care

Dash Diet =

Loop Diuretics: Site of Action

Thiazide Diuretics: Site of Action

K-Sparing Diuretics / Aldosterone Antagonists: Site of Action

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Site of Action

Lung Ausc: Long Expiratory Phase

Bronchitis Vs Pneumonia

Vaginal D/C & Ph DDx

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Prevalence, Dx Test, Exam

Benign Flow Murmurs ___ with Valsalva

Risk Factors for AOM

Recurrent OM =

Sinusitis Abx Tx

Int/Ext Hordeolum

Hordeolum Tx

Ages Of Sinus Devt

HTN BP Goals (For Nl, CAD, DM)

CAD Risk Factors

Frequency of Tests for HM

Anticholinergic Effects: S/S, Causative Meds

HTN Lifestyle Mods

HTN Med Choices: w/o CE

HTN Med Choices: w/ CE

Thrombophlebitis Mgmt

A-Fib Mgmt

Venous Thrombosis: 80% Occur In:

Syncope: Types

Intermittent Asthma

Cough DDx

Hyperthyroidism

Hypoglycemia

Thyroid Nodule: High Index of Suspicion

Chalazion

Corneal Abrasion

Vertigo DDx

Glaucoma Dx

Laryngitis

Pharyngitis: GABHS

A Fib Dx Work Up

Atypical CP, Palps, Anx D/O, Sympathetic Hyperreactivity; Mild Systolic Click +/- MR; Young F>M

MV Prolapse Mgmt

Varicose Veins Most Common In:

Inflammation, Induration, Erythema & Tenderness Along Superficial V (Usu Long Saphenous V)

DVT Mgmt:

DVT Rfs:

Mild Persistent Asthma

Syncope: Dx Tests

Moderate Persistent Asthma

Severe Persistent Asthma

Hordeolum

Vestibular Vertigo DDx: Sx Duration

Vestibular Vertigo DDx: Sx Provoked By:

Vertigo Testing

Vertigo Tx

Glaucoma Tx

Whipple Triad (Hypoglycemia)

Most Aggressive Lung Ca; Not Surgically Treated; Highest Rate Of Mets; Usu Systemic Dz

Most Common Type Of Lung Cancer

2 Most Common Types Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Is Usually Where In The Lung

Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer Is Usually Where In The Lung

What Are The Most Frequent Symptoms Associated With Advanced Lung Cancer

Initial Imaging Modality For Suspicion Of Lung Cancer

A __ Lesion On Chest X-Ray Is Considered Malignant Until Proven Otherwise

Imaging Used To Evaluate For Lung Mets

Imaging Modality Considered The Standard Of Care In Proper Staging Of Lung Tumors

Gold Standard For Lymph Node Evaluation With Lung Cancer

Heartburn: DDx

PUD: H Pylori Dx Testing

Fever, High WBC, LLQ Pain; Poss Painless Rectal Bleed

Abd Pain Assoc W/Bowel Dysfn, Often Relieved By BM

Biliary Dz: Dx Test

Common Causes Of Gastritis

Diarrhea

BPH Sxs

Ed

Cystitis: DDx

Epididymitis: Men <40 Yo

Urethritis

Vaginitis DDx

Breast Mass

Amenorrhea: Physio

Incontinence: DRIP

Urolithiasis Rfs

Dysmenorrhea: Tx

Prostatitis

CIN1 =

Cervicitis: Edtiology

Contraceptive Methods: Most Vs Least Effective

Shoulder Pain DDx

LBP: Most Common Site Of Disk Herniation

Knee Pain DDx

Plantar Fasciitis

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Dx

Hip Pain DDx

Tests for Suspected (Knee & Hip) OA

Fibromyalgia

Peripheral Neuropathy: Axonal Vs Demyelinating

Tension Type HA

MS Testing

Sudden Onset Of LMN D/O, Asym Facial Paresis, Often Hyperacusis & Impaired Taste

Contralateral Hemiplegia, Hemisensory Loss, & Homonymous Hemianopia (& Global Aphasia If Dominant Hemisphere Is Affected) =

Essential Tremor

Ottawa Rules: Knee: Xray Only If:

Knee Pain DDx

GERD: Pathophys, S/S

Barrett Esophagus Physio

GERD: Dx Tests, Tx

PUD: Tx

Diverticular Dz DDx

Ibs DDx

Biliary Dz Rfs

Biliary Dz Labs

Causes Of Upper GI Bleed

Diarrhea: Inflam Vs Non-Inflammatory Agents

Diarrhea: Abx For:

BPH Tx

Cystitis: Tx

Oral Rehydration Solution:

Epididymitis: Men >40 Yo

Epididymitis: S/S

Epididymitis: Tx

Prostatitis: Bac Vs Nonbacterial

Urethritis: DDx

Amenorrhea: Dx Tests

Incontinence: PE

Urge Incontinence: Causes

Incontinence Dx Testing

Most (80%) Kidney Stones Are

Struvite Stones Form in Pts With

Urolithiasis Dx / Tx

CIN 2 =

CIN 3

CIN & HPV

Causes of Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Primary Dysmenorrhea Etiology

OCP Cis

Ocps MOA

Rotator Cuff PE

LBP DDx

LBP Tests

LBP: Anemia, ESR

Hemarthrosis

Most Common Cause Of Knee Pain In Pts <45 Yo =

Young Pt W/Ant Knee Pain Worse W/Repetitious Flexion & Without Clear Alternative Cause:

Local TTP, Pain On Motion And At Rest; Occasional Loss Of Active Movement; Swelling, Erythema, Warmth:

Most Common Knee Injuries

2nd Most Common Knee Pain Site

Least Common Knee Pain Site

Diffuse Anterior Knee Pain W/ Swelling & Inflammatory Change

OA S/S

Meniscus Tear Dx Made By:

Osteoporosis RF

Osteoporosis Epi

DEXA Values

Best Predictor Of Fx Risk

DEXA Used For:

T-Score: Osteopenia

Lachman Test Assesses:

McMurray Test:

Most Common Causes Of Shoulder Pain In Absence Of Trauma =

CTS Tests

CTS Tx

Most Common Hip Problems

Lateral Hip Pain That Is Aggravated By Direct Pressure

Meralgia Paresthetica Affects The _____ Nerve

Positive Faber Test Suggests:

Hip Pain Exam:

Hip Dx Tests:

Acute Monoarticular Sxs, Consider:

OA Vs RA

OA Tx

Fibromyalgia DDx

Most Common Type Of Diabetic Polyradiculopathy =

Osteonecrosis

Severe Anterolateral Hip Tenderness, Severe Pain W/Wt Bearing, Intolerance To Passive Hip Rotation; Xray Normal (Dx W/MRI) =

Cluster HA

HA Prevalence

HA: Serious Sxs

Ms S/S

MS Tx

Bell Palsy DDx

MCA Stroke: Anterior Main Div Occlusion Vs Posterior

Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion Leads To:

Anterior Comm Artery Occlusion Causes:

Ischemic Stroke Tx

Hemorrhagic Stroke Tx

Anemia: RBC Production Problem (Vs Destruction Prob) Distinguished By:

Formula: Corrected Retic

Causes Of Fe Def Anemia

Anemia Of Chronic Dz

S/S = Glossitis, Periph Neuropathy (Stocking-Glove Paresthesias); MCV 110-140; Low Retic, Hyperseg Pmns, High Methylmalonic A.

Folic Acid Def Findings

Triad: Anemia, Splenomegaly And Jaundice

Microcytic Anemia: DDX

Macrocytic Anemia

Normoocytic Anemia

Tx For Beta Thal Major

Beefy Red Patches/Plaques With Satellite Lesions =

Lower Respiratory Tract Starts Below What Anatomic Structure

Diagnosed By New Infiltrate On Exam Or X-Ray

No. 1 Cause Of Death From Infectious Disease In The US Is From

Hospital Aquired Pneumonia Is Defined As Symptom Onset >___ Hours After Hospital Admission

Most Common Bacterium Associated With Pneumonia World Wide

Pneumococcus Colonizes ____% of Healthy Adults

May Have Associated Non-Respiratory Syndromes (CNS, Immune Hemolytic Anemia)

‘Discovered’ In 1976; Found In Aquatic Environments

50% Of 20 Yo Have Serologic Evidence Of Past Infxn; Assoc W/ Chronic Inflammatory Dz (Atherosclerosis)

May Cause Necrotizing Infiltrates Or Pneumatoceles

Inhalation Of Oropharyngeal Or Gastric Contents (Volume-Dependent)

RF For Infxn With Drug Resistant Pneumococci

RF For GN Pneumonia Infxn

RF For Enteric GN Pneumonia Infection

RF For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infxn

Respiratory Quinolone

Outpatient Therapy For Pneumonia In Otherwise Healthy Patients

Outpatient Tx For Pneumonia In Pts W/ Cardiopulmonary Dz And/Or Other Modifying Factors

Rate Of Influenza Has _____ Cf To Previous Decade, Poss D/T Aging Popn And/Or Change In Predominating Viral Strains (H3N2)

Influenza Has An Incubation Period Of ___ Days

Fever, Myalgia, Headache, Malaise, Nonproductive Cough, Sore Throat, Rhinitis Are All Symptoms Of

Influenza: Resolution in ___ Days, Though Cough And Malaise Can Persist For Over 2 Weeks

Children With Influenza May Present With

Viral Cultures Are Optimal From ______ Specimens And Require Specific Viral Culture Media

Only _______ Effective Against Both Influenza A And B

Who Needs Annual Influenza Vaccinations

Radiographic Findings Include Infiltrates In Mid Or Lower Lung Fields, Hilar Adenopathy, Cavitation

Cough, Weight Loss, Fever, Night Sweats, Hemoptysis, Fatigue, Decreased Appetite, Chest Pain Can Be The Clinical Presentation Of _____

CXR With Upper Lobe Infiltrates, Particularly The Apical And Posterior Segments, Cavitation Common

Lower Respiratory Tract Is Normally Sterile If

Acceptable Sputum Spec: <__ Squamous Epithelial Cells/Low Power Field

Macrophages: Activated Phagocytic Cells Common In ____

Most Common Cause Of Bacterial Pneumonia (70%)

Lancet Shaped Gram Positive Cocci In Pairs

Culture Is Never Indicated In

If You Suspect Atypical Bacteria You Should

TB Infection Spread Person To Person Via ____

Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ Mm If No Risk Factors

Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ Mm If Co-Morbid RF (DM, CKD, Ca, IVDA, Congregate Setting, Immigrant <5yrs from Endemic Area (Asia, Africa, Latin America), Mycobacteriology Lab Tech, Gastrectomy

Positive PPD Zone Size >= __ Mm If HIV+, Contact Of TB+ Person, Organ TP/Immunosuppression, Fibrotic CXR, On 15 Mg Prednisone/Day, Or TNF Alpha Inhibitor

Substance Used For Control In PPD Test

The Inability to React To Skin Tests Because Of A Weakened Immune System

More Specific Test For LTBI & Can Help Exclude BCG Or Mycobacterium Not TB Reactions.

Vaccine Against Tuberculosis

Onset Of Action 5-30 Minutes, With Relief For 4-6 Hours

Beta 2 Agonists Have No Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Therefore

Patients Achieving ____ Consecutive Months of Improved Asthma Control May Be Considered For a Reduction in Inhaled Corticosteroid Dosing

Patients With Severe Exacerbation Of Asthma May Require

Allows For Modest Reductions In Doses Of Beta2 Agonists And Corticosteroids

Pretreatment With ____ Blocks Allergen And Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction

Blocks Vagally Mediated Contraction Of Airway Smooth Muscle And Mucus Secretion

Not Traditionally Effective In The Treatment Of Asthma Unless COPD Is Also Present

May Be Particularly Useful In Patients with Moderate To Severe Asthma That Are Poorly Controlled With Conventional Therapy

The Foundation Of Therapy For COPD

Liver Function Monitoring Is Essential For

Inhaled Bronchodilators That Have A Duration Of Bronchodilation Of At Least 12 Hours After A Single Dose

The Preferred ICS For Pregnancy

Preferred Step 1 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Preferred Step 2 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Preferred Step 3 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Preferred Step 4 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Preferred Step 5 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Preferred Step 6 Treatment For Patients 12 And Up

Regular Tx With _____ Does Not Modify Long Term Decline In FEV1, But Reduces Frequency Of Exacerbations In COPD Pts W/ FEV1 Of <50%, And Repeated Exacerbations

Long Term Treatment With ______ Is Not Recommended In Patients With COPD

Reduces Serious Illness And Death In COPD Patients By 50%

Initiate Oxygen Therapy For Very Severe COPD If Paox Is At Or Below ___ Kpa Or Sao2 Is At Or Below __%

Antibiotics Should Be Given To COPD Patients With:

Carry A Black Box Warning For Asthma (Especially When Used As Monotherapy)

Leukotriene Modifier

Approved For Allergic Rhinitis

Effective For Seasonal Asthma And For Prevention Of Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

Effective For Seasonal Asthma And For Prevention Of Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

Anticholinergic For COPD

Anticholinergic For Asthma

Should Be Done In The AM And Between Noon And 2PM For 2-3 Weeks To Establish Personal Best, Then QD

Ultimate Goal Of COPD Therapy

Oxygen, Consider Surgery

Inhaled Corticosteroids In COPD

Not Recommended In COPD

Only Therapy To Show Mortality Benefit In COPD

Goal Of Oxygen Therapy

Short-Term Cough, Producing Mucoid Sputum, Persistent Cough After 5 Days Of URI, Usually Viral In Etiology