cerebral hemisphere

• - largest area of brain
• - covers diencephalon & shows deep or shallow wrinkles

line dividing cerebral cortex into a left & right half

seperates cerebral cortex from cerebellum

grooves or furrows

twisted brain ridges

divides brain into lobes

seperates frontal & parietal lobes

seperates parietal & temporal lobe

seperates parietals & occipital lobes

left - control of language, math, & logic

right - control of visual-spatial skills, intuition, art & music skills, and emotions

connecting fiber tracts communicate with hemispheres

controls consciousness & voluntary movement

form tracts that reach motor neurons & control precise voluntary motor movements

contains pyramidal cells

controls even more complex movements & integrates highly processed sensory information received from other brain areas

controls voluntary movement based on spatial arrangement information & is involved in planning movements

language dominant; controls speech movements; produces mental images of sounds to be spoken; may also store short-term memory

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, & broca's area

involved with conscious awareness of somatic senses

integrates sensory input for comprehensive understanding by relating it to past experience (ex. feeling an object & guessing what it is without seeing it)

largest sensory area that receives all visual information sent by the eye, but has low level of processing with information being sent to opposite sides

surrounds primary visual cortext & continues to process information obtained by this area

evaluates/reconizes sound & stores memory of sound

recognizes spoken words

involved in conscious awareness of taste & is located in tongue region of homunculus

involved in conscious awareness of balance & is found in posterior part of insula

involved in conscious awareness of smell; processes by piriform lobe, olfactory tract, & olfactory bulb

• peimary somatosensory cortex
• somatosensory association area
• primary visual cortex
• visual association area
• auditory areas
• gustatory cortex
• vestibular cortex
• olfactory cortex

seperates humans from other animals & is involved in thought, perception, & recall (cognition); essential for judgement, critical thinking, planning, socializing, & some aspects of emotion

integrates sensory information & not well understood

large area in left cerebral hemisphere that has five indentified areas (Broca's, Wernicke's, speech comprehension, coordination of auditory & visual aspects of language, word articulation & recognition

not well understood & functions in language, balance

• prefrontal cotex
• general interpretation area
• language area
• insula

connect related gray matter areas between the two hemispheres (run horizontally) & includes corpus callosum

horizontal fibers connecting different areas of same hemisphere

vertical fibers taking sensory information to appropriate area in cerebral cortex & carry away motor instructions

neural calculators controlling movement by cooperating with cerebral cortex & can esttimate time

- sends their output to motor cortex & includes caudate, lentiform, amygdala