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tropism
indicating growth or movement in a biological organism
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Auxin
class of plant hormones
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Dormancy
Period in organisms life cycle when growth and developement are temporarily stopped
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Cytokinin
a class of plant growth substances (plant hormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots
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Thigmotropism
a movement in which an organism moves or grows in response to touch or contact stimuli
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Phototropism
directional growth in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction of the light source
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Gravitropism
a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity
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Epiphyte
a plant that grows upon another plant
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Bacillus
a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes
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Coccus
can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical shape
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Spirillum
refers to a bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral
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Bacteria
a large domain of single-celled, prokaryote microorganisms
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Conjugation
temporary union of two single cells (or hyphae in fungi) with at least one of them receiving genetic material from the other
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Binary Fission
a method of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two.
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Nitrogen Fixation
nitrogen gets "fixed" by bacteria to become available for plants on earth
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Virus
a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms
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Capsid
the outer shell of the virus, and consists of monomeric subunits of protein
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Bacteriophage
is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria
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Lytic Cycle
is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction
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Lysogenic Cycle
viral nucleid acid becomes part of the host cell chromosome and it's replicated with it
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Antibodies
are produced by a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell
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Antigen
is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.
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B-Cell
are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response
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T-Cells
T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes
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Gram Staining
is an empirical method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups
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Antibiotic
powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections
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Vaccine
a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease
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Pathogens
Infectious agent
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Ecology
the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings
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Species
is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank
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Populations
is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the same geographical area
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Community
an interacting group of various species in a common location
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Ecosystem
all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving
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Biome
are climatically and geographically defined as similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms
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Producer
Organism that survives by making/taking its food in directly
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Consumer
organisms that survive off of consuming another
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Herbivore
A organaism that only eats plants
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carnivore
a organism that only eats meats
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Ominivore
A species that eats both plant and meats
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Detritivore
heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing organic matter
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Decomposed
turnin to dead organic matter
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Food Chain
diagram of predator-prey relationships
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Food Web
multiple food chains
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Trophic Level
Energy pyramid between predator-prey
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Ecological Pyramid
a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or biomass productivity at each trophic level
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Biomass
renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms, such as wood, waste, (hydrogen) gas, and alcohol fuels
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Abiotic Factor
pertaining to any non -biological factors that play a role in an organism's environment
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Aphotic Zone
is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight
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Biotic Factors
pertaining to any living factors in the environment
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Carrying Capacity
the number of individuals who can be supported in a given area within natural resource limits,
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Commensalism
a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is neutral (there is no harm or benefit
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Density dependent limiting factor
reduce population growth with an impact that depends on current population
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Density Independent limiting factor
population growt with an impact that doesnt depend on a current population
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Ecological Succession
a fundamental concept in ecology, refers to more or less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure
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Emigration
When organisms leave an area
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Exponential Growth
If a population has a constant birth rate through time and is never limited by food or disease,
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Green Revolution
refers to a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1970s
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Greenhouse effect
refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed
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Habitat
is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant or other type
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Immigration
When an organism comes to an area
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Limiting factor
When theres not of enough of something for everybody
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Logistic growth
Population growth in which the growth rate decreases with increasing number of individuals until it.
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Mutualism
When organisms find a way to work together so both are benefited
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Niche
term describing the relational position of a species or population in its ecosystem to each other
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Permafrost
Solid ice below the soil
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Photic Zone
depth of light penetration
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Pioneer Species
species which colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession.
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Polar zones
the part of the Earth's surface forming a cap over a pole; characterized by frigid climate
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Population Density
is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.
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Primary Productivity
is a term used to describe the rate at which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce organic compounds in an ecosystem
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Sustainable Developement
is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not
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Sustainable yield
of natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself
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Symbiosis
is close and often long-term interactions between different biological species
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Wetland
an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally. Such areas may also be covered partially or completely
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