Gross 3- test 3

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bony pelvis
- protects viscera
- trasfers weight
- withstands compression
- provides attachement for muscles
Hip bone
- ilium, ischium, and pubis
- held together by cartilage at the acetabulum prior to puberty
ilium
- ala- fan shape
- iliac crest- superior rim of ala
- ASIS/PSIS- projections off the iliac crest
- iliac fossa- anterior concave portion of ala
- body- "handle of fan", contributes to acetabulum
- auricular surface- articulates with sacrum
ischium
- body- contributes to acetabulum
- ramus- inferior margin of obturator foramen
- ishcial tuberosity- large posterioinferior protuberance
- ischial spine- small pointed projection
- lesser sciatic notch- b/t ischial spine and iscial tuberosity
- greater sciatic notch- superior to ischial spine
pubis
- superior ramus- forms part of acetabulum
- inferior ramus- anteromedial part of obturator foramen
- pubic crest- on anterior part of body of pubis
- pubic tubercle- bump on lateral edge of pubic crest
- pectin pubis - ridge lateral on superior ramus
sacrum
- fused
- initially 5 separate vertebra
coccyx
- fused
- initially 4 vertebra
pelvic girdle
- pubic symphysis- fibrocartilage
- -pubic arch- inferior pubic rami and ischial rami, forms subpubic angle
- sacroiliac joints- where hip bones articulate with sacrum
pelvis in anatomical position
- ASIS and pubic symphysis in same vertical plane
- pelvic canal curves obliquely posterior to abdominal cavity
pelvic inlet
- superior pelvic aperature, open to abdominal cavity
- bound by the pelvic brim: sacral promontory, ala, ilial arcuate line, superior pubic ramus and pubic symphysis
pelvic outlet
- closed by muscular pelvic diaphragm
- bound by: pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous lig, tip of coccyx
greater pelvis
- "false pelvis"
- superior to pelvic inlet
- inferior portion of abdominal cavity
- contains abcominal viscera
lesser pelvis
- "true pelvis"
- b/t pelvic inlet and outlet
- contains pelvic viscera
male pelvis vs female pelvis
- male
- heavier, thicker
- narrow/deep lesser pelvis
- subpubic andle <60
- female
- wider, shallower
- round/oval pelvic inlet
- subpubic angle >90
pelvic fractures
- anteroposterior compression= pubic rami compressiosn
- lateral compression= acetabula and ilia fractures
- can occur from ligaments being riped away
- most likely cause damage to viscera
sacroiliac joint
- weight bearing b/t sacrum and ilium
- posterior syndesmosis
- anterior synovial joint
- movements: gliding and rotation
anterior sacroiliac lig

anterior part of capsule
interosseus sacroiliac lig

between tuberosities, responsible for weight transfer
posterior sacroiliac lig

draws ilia inward with axial weight, locks ilia and sacrum together
sacrotuberous lig

from lateral sacrum to ishcial tuberosity
sacrospinous lig
- from lateral sacrum to ischial spine
- limits upward movement of sacrum
lumbosacral joint
- anterior- IVD L5-S1
- posterior- zygapophyseal joints b/t L5-S1
iliolumbar lig

L5 TP to medial surface of ilial ala
sacrococcygeal joint
- fibrocartilage disc b/t apex of sacrum and coccyx
- strenthened by anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligs
pubic symphysis
- fibrocartilage disc b/t pubic bones
- thickend by pubic ligs
- superior pubic lig- pubic symphysis to pubic tubercles
- inferior pubic lig- surrounds subpubic angle
pelvic changes during pregnancy
- increased sex hormones and relaxin= freer movements
- sacroiliac jonit loosens
- interpubic disc relaxes
- pelvic diameter increases
anterior pelvic wall

bodies and rami of pubic bones and pubic symphysis
lateral pelvic walls
- hip bones with obturator foramen
- - closed by obturator membrane
obturator internus muscle
- O: internal surface of obturator membrane, ilium, and ischium
- I: greater trochanter of femur
- N: nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
- A: laterally rotates thigh, holds head of femur in place
- passes through lesser sciatic foramen
posterior pelvic wall

sacrum, coccyx, sacroiliac joints, ligaments
piriformis muscle
- O: 2-4th sacral segments and sacrotuberous ligs
- I: greater trochanter of femur
- thru greater sciatic foramen
- N: S1-2 rami
- A: laterally rotates and adducts thigh, fold femur in place
pelvic floor
- formed by pelvic diaphragm
- funnel shaped
- separates pelvic cavity from perineum
levator ani muscle
- supports abdominopelvic viscera
- N: S4 ventral rami and inferior rectal N
- A: raise pelciv floor, compress abdominopelvic contents
- made up of puborectalis M, pubococcygeus M, and iliococcygeus M
puborectalis M
- medial portion of levator ani M
- u-shaped ring from R/L pubic bones to anorectal junction
- surrounds urogenital hiatus
- creates perineal flexure
pubococcygeus M
- intermediate part of levator ani M
- from pubis to coccyx
iliococcygeus M
- posterolateral portion of levator ani muscle
- from posteior part of tendinous arch to coccyx
coccygeus muscle
- from ischial spine to inferior sacrum and coccyx, on pelvic surface of sacrospinous lig
- N: S4-5 rami
- A: contributes to levator ani actions
pelvic fascia
- CT between parietal peritoneum and muscular pelvic wall
- continuous wiht endoabdominal fascia
parietal pelvic fascia
- lines pelvic surface of muscles on pelvic floor and walls
- covers obtuator internus, piriformis, coccygeus, and levator ani
visceral pelvic fascia
- adventitial layer around pelvic organs
- accommodates for distension
- continuous with parietal fascia were pelvic organ penetrates floor
tendinous arch of pelvic fascia
- from pubis to sacrum
- in males: puboprostatic lig from prostate to pubis, sacrogenital lig from sacrum to prostate
- in females: pubovesical lig from bladder to pubis, sacrogenital lig from sacrum to vagina
Perineum
- inferior to pelvic outlet
- between mons pubis, proximal thigh, and gluteal folds
- subdivided by transverse line thru ischial tuberosities
anal triangel
- posterior to isch tub transverse line
- contains anus and 2 ischioanal fossa
urogenital triangel
- anterior to transverse line
- covered by perineal membrane
- contains genitalia
perineal body
- fibromuscular tissue at midpoint of transverse line
- -posterior to genitalia
- -anterior to anus
- attaches to posterior border of perineal membrane
- attachment point for superficial and deep transverse perineal Ms and external urethral sphincter
perineal membrane
- closes anterior opening in pelvic diaphragm
- attachment point for erectile bodies of genetalia
- perforated by urethra and vagina
superficial and deep transverse perineal mus
- spans posterior perineal membrane
- N: deep perineal N
- A: anchor perineal body, support pelvic floor
external urethral sphincter
- surrounds urethra superior to perineal membrane
- N: dorsal N of penis/clitoris
- A: constrict urethra
penis

male copulator organ (urine and sperm)
root of penis
- in superficial perineal pouch
- attached to perineal membrane
- contains crura and bulb of penis
crura of penis
- bilateral masses of erectile tissue
- attach to ischial ramus
- continuous with corpus cavernosa in penis
- surrounded by ischiocavernosus M
ischiocavernosus M
- surround crura of penis
- N: deep perineal N
- A: contraction forces blood from crus into corpus cavernosum causing an erection
- -also compresses deep dorsal V of penis
bulb of penis
- central mass of erectile tissue
- inferior to perineal membrane
- penetrated by spongy urethra
- continuous with corpus spongiosum in penis
- surrounded by bulbospongiosus M
bulbospongiosus M
- surrounds bulb of penis
- N: deep perineal N
- A: contraction moves blood from bulp into corpus spongiossu causing an erection
- -compresses deep dorsal V of penis
- -empties urethra
body of penis
- suspended from pubis by suspensory lig of penis
- contains no muscles
- contains 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
corpus spongiosum
- single column located ventrally in penis
- surrounds spongy urethra
- thinner tunica albuginia so urethra isnt constricted during erection
- expends distally to form glans penis
corpus cavernosus
- two dorsal columns in penis
- fused in midline
- surrounded by thick tunica albuginea
- dont extend into glans penis
glans penis

distal expansion of corpus spongiosus forming head of penis
corona of glans

expanded rim beyond corpus cavernosus
neck of glans

constriction between corona and body
prepuce
- foreskin, double layered skin covering glans
- held to glans by frenulum of prepuce
external urethral orifice

distal opening of urethra from glans
superficial penile fascia
- thin fascia layer adjacent to skin
- allows for mobility of skin on penis
- contains neurovasculature
deep penile fascia
- surrounds corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
- contains deep dorsal neurovasculature
suspensory lig of penis
- pubic symphysis to root of penis
- fuses with deep penile fascia
- anchor erectile bodies
arterial supply to penis
- internal pudendal A- to penile tissue
- - dorsal A of penis- b/t deep penile fascia and tunica albuginea, supplies fascial CT and penile skin
- - deep A of penis- thru center of prpus cavernosus, causes erection
- -A of bulb- supplies bulb, corpus spongiosus, and spongy urethra
- external pudendal A- proximal penile skin
Veins of penis
- deep dorsal V of penis- in deep penile fascia, drains erectile tissue
- superficial dorsal V of penis- in superficial fascia, drains skin
innervation of penis
- dorsal N of penis
- terminal branch of pudendal N
- parallels dorsal A and deep dorsal V
- sensory to skin and glans
- cavernosus N
- parasymphathetics from prostatic plexus
- innervate deep A, causes erection
Vulva
- includes mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule of vagina, bulb of vestibule, and greater vestibular glands
- Functions: sensory for sexual arousal/intercourse, directs flow of urine, prevents entry of foreign material
mons pubis

fatty prominance anterior to pubic symphysis
labia majora
- large skin folds on either side of pudendal cleft
- protect clitoris, urethral and vaginal orifices
- extends from mons pubis to anus
- round lig of uterus terminates here
labia minora
- folds of skin medial to labia majora
- surrounds vestibule of the vagina
- from clitoris to frenulum of labia minora
- homologus to penis skin
clitoris
- erectile tissue
- located at anterior meeting of labia minora
- root: 2 crura surrounded by ischiocavernosa M
- body: comprised of 2 corpus cavernosa
- glans: sole purpose = sexual arousal
vestibule of vagina
- b/t labia minora
- contains external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice
hymen
- mucous membrane covering vaginal orifice
- usually cresent shaped posteriorly
- obliterated after coitus
bulb of vestibule
- paired masses of erectile tissue deep to labia minora
- covered by bulbospongiosus M
- continuous with glans of clitoris
vestibular glands
- on each side of vestibule posteriolateral to vagina
- -bulbourethral glands
- surrounded by bulbospongiosus M
- open into vestibule near vaginal orifice
- secrete mucous during arousal
arterial supply to vulva
- external pudendal A- skin and superficial fascia
- internal pudendal A- erectile tissue in clitoris
- -branches to deep A of clitoris
venous drainage of vulva

internal pudendal V to internal iliac V
innervation of vulva
- somatic
- ilioinguinal N- anterior labial N
- genitofemoral N to anteriolateral perineum
- pudendal N- posterior labial N
- parasympathetics
- cavernous N from urovaginal N plexus, increase vaginal secretions, erection
female circumcision
- illegal/discourage
- removes prepuce, clitoris, and labia minora which inhibits sexual arousal/gratification
pudendal N block
- relieves pain during child birth
- injection to N across sacrospinous lig
- coupled with ilioinguinal N block
superficial perineal fascia
- fatty superficial layer continuous with camper's fascia
- females- into labia majora and mons pubis
- males- reduced, replaced by smooth muscle
- membransous deep layer= colle's fascia
- posterior attachement to perineal body
- laterally to fascia lata
- continous with darto's fascia
deep perineal fascia
- contains ischiocavernosus M, bulbospongiosus M, and superficial transverse perineal M
- laterally to ischiopubic rami
- fuses anteriorly with suspensory lig
superficial perineal pouch
- space between colle's fascia and perineal membrane
- female- crura, M, bulb of vestibule, M, greater vestibule glands, superiror transverse perineal M, internal pudendal A/V, pudendal N
- males- crura and bulb, Ms, spongy urethra, superior transverse perineal M, internal pudendal A/V, pudendal N
deep perineal pouch
- above perineal membrane
- open to ischioanal fossa
- contains: membranous urethra, bulbourethra glands, external urethra sphincter, deep transverse perineal M,
internal iliac A branches
- umbilical A
- obturator A
- inferior vesical A
- vaginal A
- middle rectal A
- internal pudendal A
- inferior gluteal A
- iliolumbar A
- lateral sacral A
- superior gluteal A
ovarian A
- from abdominal aorta
- retroperitoneal, anterior to ureter
- thru suspensory lig of ovary
- to ovary and uterine tubes
- anastomoses with uterine A
testicular A
- from abdominal aorta
- enters deep inguinal ring thru inguinal canal to scrotum
- to testis and epididymis
median sacral A
- off aorta b/t common ilia As
- caudal end of embryonic aorta
superior rectal A
- terminal branch of inferior mesenteric A
- to superior rectum
pelvic veins
- internal iliac V
- primary pelvic drainage
- to common iliac V
- pelvic venous plexus
- around rectum, urinary bladder, prostate, uterus, and vagina
- drains to internal iliac
- pathway for prostate/ovarian cancer
pelvic somatic nerves
- lumbar plexus Ns
- obturator N: from L2-4, enters along psoas major M, goes to obturator canal, splits into anterior and posterior divisions
- lumbosacral trunk: from L4-5, anterior to sacral ala to form sacral plexus
sacral plexus Ns
- sciatic N- L4-S3, thru greater sciatic foramen below piriformis, to posterior thigh, all of leg and foot
- pudendal N- S2-4, motor and sensory to perineum, becomes dorsal N of penis/clitoris
- Superior glueteal N- L4-S2, greater sciatic foramen, to gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata
- inferior gluteal N- L5-S2, greater sciatic foramen, to gluteus maximus
- coccygeal plexus Ns- S4-5, on coccygeus M, to coccygeus and levator ani M
sympathetics (pelvis)
- sacral sympathetic trunk
- continuation of lumbar sympathetic trunks
- ganglion impar
- vasomotor, sudomotor, pilomotor
parasympathetics (pelvis)- pelvic splanchnic N
- S2-4 presynaptic
- motor to bladder and rectum
- produces erection
- visceral afferents
superior hypogastric plexus
- symps from lumbar splanchnic N= vasomotor
- parasymps from pelvic splanchnic N
- - connect superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
inferior hypogastric plexus
- hypgastric and pelvic splanchnic Ns
- female- ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris erectile tissue
- male- prostate, seminal vesical, penile erectile tissue
- rectum and urinary bladder
ureter
- from kidney to bladder
- retroperitoneal
- enters bladdder obliquely on inferior surface
- A: female- uterine , male- inferior vesical
- V: same as arteries
- N: symps- T11-L2 renal, aortic, hypogastric plexuses
urinary bladder
- extraperitoneal, posterior to retropubic space
- A: superior vesical A to superior bladder
- male- inferior vesical A to fundus and neck
- female- vaginal A to fundus and neck
- N: parasymps- S2-4 pelvic splanchnics, motor to detrusor M, inhibit sphincter, stimulated by distension
- symps- T11-L2 splanchnic Ns, causes contraction of sphincter during ejaculation
structure of urinary bladder
- apex- anterior, points toward pubic symphysis
- body- central region
- fundus- posterior wall
- neck- inferior outflow region
detrusor N
- most of urinary bladder wall
- thickens at neck forming internal urethral sphincter
trigone
- trangle, 2 ureter openings and internal urethral opening
- uvula- rounded eminence in trigone
male retrovesical pouch

between bladder and rectum
female vesicouterine pouch

between bladder and uterus
female rectouterine pouch

between uterus and rectum
female urethra
- 4 cm long
- anterior and parallel to the vagina
- A/V: internal pudendal and vaginal
- N: autonaumics in pudendal N
- L: internal iliac and sacral nodes
male urethra
- 18 cm long
- semen and urine
- intramural urethra- in neck of bladder
- prostatic urethra- thru prostate
- membranous urethra- thru deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane
- spongy urethra- in penis
prostatic urethra
- urethral crest- median ridge, continuous with uvula
- prostatic sinus- grooves along crest, opening of prostatic ducts
- seminal colliculus- in middle of crest
- prostatic urtricle- slit in colliculus, vestigial vagina
- ejaculatory ducts- in/near prostatic utricle
ductus deferens
- tail of epididymis to duct of seminal vesical
- A: superior vesical or inferior vesical A
- V: prostatic venous plexus
- L: external iliac nodes
- N: symps- lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric plexus- contraction for expulsion of sperm
- parasymps- pelcic splanchnic and hypogastric plexus- unknown function
ejactulatory duct
- joining of ductus deferens and duct of seminal vesical
- ampulla= enlargement of ductus deferens
- convey sperm thru prostate to urethra in prostatic utricle
- A: inferior vesical A
- N: autonaumics via inferior hypogastric plexus
seminal vesicals
- between fundus of bladder and rectum, superior to prostate
- secretes thick alkaline fluid to form semen
- makes up 80% of semen volume
- lots of fructose for energy
- A/V: inferior vesical
- N: symps- lumbar splanchnic/hypogastric plexus- contracts during emission
- parasymps- pelvic splanchnic/hypogastric pleus- unknown function
prostate
- 2/3 glandular, 1/3 fibromuscular
- around prostatic urethra
- prostatic ducts- open into prostatic sinuses
- prostatic secretions- thin, milky, 20% of semen volume, enzymatic ability
- A: prostatic A off inferior vesical A
- N: symps- lumbar splanchnic/inferior hypogastric plexus- contraction during emission
- parasymps- S2-4 pelvic splanchnic, causes erection in erectile bodies
lobes of prostate
- anterior lobe- firbromuscular anterior to urethra, continuation of internal sphincter
- lateral lobes- along sides of urethra, glandular, most prone to cancer
- posterior lobes- posterior to urethra, inferior to ducts
- middle lobe- between prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts, prone to benine hypertrophy
prostate enlargement
- benign hypertrophy- common in middle age, obstructs urethra
- prostatic cancer- 55+ years old, usually posterior lobe, moves through lymph nodes
bulbourethral glands
- posterior to membranous urethra
- open into spongy urethra
- produce secretion during sexual arousal
vagina
- surrounds uterine cervix
- passes through puborectalis
- function: excretory duct for menstration, sex, birth cananl
- A: uterine A, vaginal A, internal pudendal A
- N: uterovaginal plexus- superior 80%
- - syps via lumbar splanchnic N
- - parasymps via pelvic splanchnic Ns
- visceral afferents- distension only- upper 80%
- somatic via deep perineal- touch/temp- lower 20%
vaginal sphincter muscles
- pubovaginalis
- external urethral sphincter
- urethrovaginal sphincter
- bulbospongiosus
vaginal fornix
- surrounds uterine cervix
- anterior, lateral, and postior (deepest) portions
uterus
- in anteverted and anteflexed position
- body
- superior 2/3, vesical surface and intestinal surface
- uterine cavity
- uterine horns- origins of uterine tubes
- fundus- body superior to uterine horns
- isthmis- below body, superior to cervix
cervix
- inferior uterus, protrudes into vagina
- supravaginal part- b/t isthmis and vagina
- vaginal part- surrounded by vaginal fornix, internal ox, cervical canal, external os
histology of uterus
- perimetrium- outer serosal covering
- myometrium- thickest, middle layer
- endometrium- changes during menstration
broad ligament of the uterus
- mesometrium- lateral to uterus
- mesovarium- ovar ovaries
- mesosalpinx- holds uterine tubes
round ligament of the uterus
- attaches to uterotubal junction
- thru inguinal canal into labia majora
ovarian ligament

uterus to ovary
suspensory ligament of ovary
- extension of brad ligament toward abdomen
- surrounds neurovasculature
cardinal ligament
- cervix, to lateral fornix, to lateral pelvis
- along inferior margin of broad lig
uterosacaral ligament

cervix to sacrum
pubocervical ligament

pubic bones to cervix
uterus
- A: uterine A (anastomoses with ovarian and vaginal As)
- V: uterine venous plexus
- N: uterogavinal plexus
- symps- lumbar splanchnic
- parasymps- pelvic splanchnic
anesthesia
- general- not common because knocks you out completely
- regional
- -spinal block- L3/4, cant readminister, headaches
- - caudal epidural- S2-4, via catheder
- - pudendal N block- S2-4 dermatomes
uterine tubes
- function: fertilization
- open to peritoneal cavity
- A: uterine A and ovarian A
- V: uterine venous plexus
- N: autonomics via inferior hypogastric plexus
parts of uterine tube
- infundibulum- distal end, abdominal ostium, fimbrae
- ampula- distal 2/3, site of fertilization
- isthmis- adjacent to uterine horn
- intramural segment- thru wall of uterus, uterine ostium
ovaries
- A: ovarian A
- V: pampiniform plexus in broad lig to ovarian V
- R drains to IVC
- L drains to L Renal V
- N: autonomics via ovarian plexus
- symps- T11-L1
- parasymps- pelvic splanchnic Ns
- regulate vasculature diameter
rectum
- retroperitoneal
- sacral flexure
- anorectal flexure- thru pelvic diaphragm, maintained by puborectalis M
- transverse rectal folds- 3 lateral flxures
- ampulla- supported by levator ani muscle
rectum continued
- A: superior rectal A- off inferior mesenteric
- middle rectal A- off internal iliac
- inferior rectal A- off internal pudendal
- V: superior rectal to hepatic portal V
- middle and inferior rectal to internal iliac V
- N: symps- lumbar splanchnic Ns- vasomotor?
- parasymps- pelvic splanchnic Ns- muscle fibers
- visceral afferent to S2-4- pain and distension
what areas allow for expansion of the rectum?
- males- retrovesical pouch
- females- retrouterine pouch
- 2 pararectal fossa
defication
- Ns thru pelvic splanchnic N
- 1. empy ampulla
- -internal sphincter contracted
- -external sphincter relaxed
- 2. sufficiently full ampulla
- -internal sphincter relaxes
- -external sphincter contracts
- 3. during defication
- -voluntary override of external sphincter contraction
- -parasymps increase peristalsis
rectal examination
- palpation of prostate, seminal vesicals, cervix, bony processes
- protoscope= camera in butt
boundries of ischioanal fossa
- lateral- ischium and obturator internus
- medial- anal canal
- posterior- sacrotuberous lig and gluteus maximus
- anterior- external utethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal M
pudendal canal
- lateral wall of ischioanal fossa
- contains internal pudendal A/V, pudendal N and N to obturator internus
internal pudendal A
- inferior rectal A- external anal sphincter
- perineal A- to scrotum, labia, bulb of penis/vestibule
- deep A of penis/clitoris- erectile tissue
- dorsal A of penis/clitoris
pudendal N
- inferior rectal N- external anal sphincter
- perineal N- superficial and deep perineal Ns
- dorsal N or penis/clitoris
anal canal
- pelvic diaphragm to anus
- normally collapsed
- internal anal sphincter- smooth muscle, involuntary control, normally contracted
- external anal sphincter- skeletal muscle, volunary control, blends with puborectalis, N: inferior rectal N
anal columns
- in inferior anal canal
- longitudinal ridges of mucosa
- anorectal junction- superior ends of anal columns
- anal valves- inferior ends of anal columns
- anal sinuses- recesses just superior to valves
- pectinate line- formed by anal valves
anal canal continued
- A: superior rectal A above pecinate line
- inferior rectal A below pectinate line
- V: hepatic portal system above pectinate line
- inferior rectal and internal pudendal below pectinate line
- N: autonomic above pectinate line= inferior hypogastric plexus
- symps to internal anal sphincter maintain tonus
- parasymps relax the internal anal sphincter
- somatic below pectinate line- inferior rectal N
- motor to external anal phincter
hemorrhoids
- dialated, prolapsed Vs
- internal- breakdown of muscularis mucosa
- external- covered by skin
sex differences in pelves
- males
- heavier and thicker
- narrow and deep lesser pelvis
- subpubic angle 60 degrees
- females
- wider and shallower
- larger pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
- subpubic angle 90 degree
erection
- parasymps via cavernous N to deep A of penis
- -cause relaxation of tunic media in deep A of penis
- -increases blood flow into corpus spongiosus and cavernosum
- bulbospongiosus M and ischiocavernosus M contract
- -compresses venous plexuses reducing drainage from penis
- -erectile tisssue becomes engorged
emission
- sypathetics cause peristalsis in ductus deferens and accessory glands
- -sperm delivered to prostatic urethra
- -seminal vesicals and prostate add gluid to produce semen
ejaculation
- contraction of bulbospongiosus M expels semen through spongy urethra
- -internal urethral sphincter closes
- after ejaculation, symp cuase constriction of tunica media in deep A and things return to normal

Author:	bbeckers88
ID:	88013
Card Set:	Gross 3- test 3
Updated:	2011-06-12 22:17:35
Tags:	pelvis perineum
Folders:
Description:	pelvis and perineum
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