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Bildungsroman
a type of novel concerned with the education, development, and maturing of a young protagonist
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Byronic Hero
A kind of hero found in several of the works of Lord Byron. Like Byron himself, a Byronic hero is a melancholy and rebellious young man, distressed by a terrible wrong he committed in the past.
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Gothic Fiction
a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance
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Alliteration
the commencement of two or more stressed syllables of a word group either with the same consonant sound or sound group
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Assonance
resemblance of sounds
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Connotation
the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning
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Denotation
the explicit or direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression, as distinguished from the ideas or meanings associated with it or suggested by it
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Diction
style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words
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Figure of Speech
any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect
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Free Verse
verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern
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Hyperbole
obvious and intentional exaggeration
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Idiom
an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements, as kick the bucket or hang one's head, or from the general grammatical rules of a language, as the table round for the round table, and that is not a constituent of a larger expression of like characteristics
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Imagery
the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively
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Lyric Poem
a short poem of songlike quality
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Meter
the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse
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Trochee
a foot of two syllables, a long followed by a short in quantitative meter, or a stressed followed by an unstressed in accentual meter
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Anapest
a foot of three syllables, two short followed by one long in quantitative meter, and two unstressed followed by one stressed in accentual meter
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Dactyl
a foot of three syllables, one long followed by two short in quantitative meter, or one stressed followed by two unstressed in accentual meter
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Spondee
a foot of two syllables, both of which are long in quantitative meter or stressed in accentual meter
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Foot
the basic metrical unit that generates a line of verse in most Western traditions of poetry
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Metaphors
a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance without using like or as
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Mood
a distinctive emotional quality or character
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Ode
a lyric poem typically of elaborate or irregular metrical form and expressive of exalted or enthusiastic emotion
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Oxymoron
a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect
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Onomatopoeia
the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent
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Paradox
a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth
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Personification
the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure
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Prose Poem
a composition written as prose but having the concentrated, rhythmic, figurative language characteristic of poetry
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Quatrain
a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes
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Rhyme
identity in sound of some part, especially the end, of words or lines of verse
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Rhyme Scheme
the pattern of rhymes used in a poem, usually marked by letters to symbolize correspondences
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Simile
a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared using as
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Sonnet
a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite schemes, being in the strict or Italian form divided into a major group of 8 lines (the octave) followed by a minor group of 6 lines (the sestet), and in a common English form into 3 quatrains followed by a couplet
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Couplet
a pair of successive lines of verse, especially a pair that rhyme and are of the same length
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Stanza
an arrangement of a certain number of lines, usually four or more, sometimes having a fixed length, meter, or rhyme scheme, forming a division of a poem
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Tone
any sound considered with reference to its quality, pitch, strength, source
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Aside
a part of an actor's lines supposedly not heard by others on the stage and intended only for the audience
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Dialogue
the conversation between characters in a novel, drama
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Protagonist
the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work
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Antagonist
a person who is opposed to, struggles against, or competes with another; opponent; adversary
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Monologue
a form of dramatic entertainment, comedic solo, or the like by a single speaker
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Soliloquy
an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself or herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present
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Symbol
something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign
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Tragedy
a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction
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Tragic Hero
a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
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Tragic Flaw
the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy; hamartia
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