shosh: bone tumors

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Osteoma
- Associated with Gardener's syndrome
- New bone growth, often on mandible
Osteoblastoma
- Tumor can lay down new bone matrix
- Found in vertebral column
Osteoid osteoma
- Tumor can lay down new bone matrix
- Lesion is surrounded by osteoblasts
- Found in proximal tibia and femur
- Releases prostaglandins that trigger pain (relieved with NSAID)
- Young men
Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
- Epipheseal ends of long bones (e.g. knee)
- Women, age 20-40
- Double bubble sign on X-ray
- Spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
- Rb mutation
Osteochondroma
- Most common benign bone tumor
- Exostosis
- Originates from long metaphyses
- Rare malignant transformation
Enchondroma
- Cartilaginous neoplasm in intramedullary bone
- Typically in distal extremities (unlike chondrosarcoma)
- Can undergo malignant transformation
Osteosarcoma
- Second most common malignant bone neoplasm (after MM)
- Often develops in knee (presents with knee pain and swelling)
- Large anaplastic cells
- Codman's triangle (from elevation of periosteum) on X-ray
- Poor prognosis
Ewing's sarcoma
- Small, PAS+ blue cells
- Aggressive, but radiosensitive
- Onion skin appearance
- 11:22 translocation
Chondrosarcoma
- Malignant cartilage tumor
- Appears in men, ages 30-60
- Usually in pelvic or shoulder girdle
- May be primary, or may progress from osteochondroma
Osteoblastic lesions

Prostate mets
Osteoblastic AND osteolytic lesions

Breast mets