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ShawnStanford
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Division of Europe after WW II
- - Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchil
- - Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam
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Patterns of Cold War
- - Action/Reaction, Policy/Counter-Policy
- - Marshall Plan/COMECON
- - NATO (1949)/Warsaw Pact (1955)
- - Soviet atom bomb: 1949
- - Hydrogen bomb: U.S. 1951, USSR 1953
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Warsaw Pact
- - Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR
- - Response to NATO
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Cold War Arms Race
- - ICBMs
- - Nuclear missile submarines
- - Strategic bombers
- - Large mechanized land forces
- - Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) by 1970
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Effect of Cold War on Army
- - Viability in nuclear age?
- - Focus on counter-insurgency
- - Concept of limited war
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Davy Crockett Missile
- - Smallest, lightest nuke ever fielded
- - Jeep-mounted launcher: 2.5 mile range
- - Tripod-mounted launcher: 1.25 range
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Korean War Lessons
- - Troops reliant on tanks
- - Infantry skills atrophied
- - Limited war possible
- - "The war that sent the Army back to school."
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Korean War Starts
- - 500 U.S. Advisors in ROK in 1949
- - 25 JUN 1950, North invades
- - Task Force Smith
- - Pusan Perimeter
- - North Korea overextends
- - 15 SEP 1950: Inchon landings
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Task Force Smith
- - 540 IN, 108 FA
- - 1st U.S. force, sent from Japan
- - Fail to slow superior force
- - 154 IN, 34 FA KIA/MIA
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Chinese Intervention in Korea
- - 25 OCT 1950
- - MacArthur wants to invade China & use nukes
- - U.N. retreats
- - NOV 1950: Chosin Reservoir
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MacArthur Relieved
- - Challenges President's decisions
- - 11 APR 1951
- - President Harry Truman
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Korean War 'Ends'
- - Armstice (Cease-Fire)
- - Non-Aggression Pact (N & S Korea): 1991
- - Casualties: 30k KIA, 90k WIA
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Korean War Consequences
- - Defense pacts to contain Communism
- - Buildup of conventional forces
- - Reaffirms civilian control of military
- - Limited war introduced
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Cuban Missile Crisis
- - MAY 1962
- - Kruschev puts missiles in Cuba
- - Meant to counter U.S. locations and technology
- - Kennedy blockades, USSR removes missiles
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Prelude to the Vietnam War
- - 1946 - 1950: 1st Indochina War
- - 1950: Soviets & Chinese give weapons to Vietnam
- - U.S. pledges $15m to French
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North Vietnamese Strategy
- - Undermine enemy resolve with political action & bold attacks
- - Vo Nguyen Giap
- - Dien Bien Phu: French lose
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1st Indochina War Ends
- - 1954
- - French leave
- - Vietnam partitioned
- - Communists take over North under Ho Chi Minh
- - North wants reunited Vietnam
- - President Diem rules South, never holds promised elections
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Vietnam War: 1961
- - U.S. Advisors+ 340 to 805
- - U.S. equipment (helicopters)
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Agent Orange
- - 1962+
- - Operation Ranch Hand
- - Caused deformities
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Vietnam Coup
- - 1962
- - Diem overthrown
- - Corrupt government
- - U.S. approved coup, not Diem's murder
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Ia Drang
- - NOV 1965
- - Birth of Air Cavalry
- - 4k U.S. vs. 2.7K VC
- - NVA learned to avoid force-on-force with U.S.
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Vietnam War Bombing Campaigns
- - 1st: B-52s along Mugia Pass
- - Flaming Dart
- - Rolling Thunder
- - Linebacker I & II (Christmas Bombings)
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Operation Cedar Falls
- - 30k U.S. + RVN troops
- - Iron Triangle
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Strategy of the Vietnamese Revolution
- - Use all facets of power: Military, political, diplomatic, economoic and psychological
- - "On Protracted War" by Mao Zedong
- - - Three stages of revolutionary warfare
- - - - Defensive
- - - - Equilibrium
- - - - Counteroffensive
- - - Move in and out of stages, exhaust enemy's will
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
- - Support to NLF (Viet Cong)
- - Outside borders of Vietnam
- - Porters, bicycles, ponies
- - Close to Saigon
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Tet Offensive
- - 1968
- - Turning point in war
- - U.S. sees no end
- - U.S. wins battle
- - U.S. losses: 1k, heavy ARVN & civilian casualties
- - LBJ doesn't run, but backs down
- - Paris peace talks
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Nixon & Vietnam
- - 'Vietnamization'
- - - Lamson 719
- - - - Show Communists Vietnamization works
- - - - Influence Paris talks
- - Increases RVNAF
- - Equipment & force modernization
- - Partnering with U.S. units
- - U.S. trainers
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Late Vietnam War Events
- - 1968: Abrams takes charge
- - 1969: Hamburger Hill, 9k+ U.S. KIA
- - 1970: Kent State
- - 1971: Cambodian incursion
- - 1973: Paris Peace Accords
- - 1975: Fall of Saigon (30 APR)
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Paris Peace Accords
- - 23 JAN 1973
- - Military operations cease
- - Withdraw troops, repatriate POWs
- - Contribute to reconstruction
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War Powers Act
- - 7 NOV 1973
- - 48 hours to notify Congress
- - 60 days to finish
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Vietnam Technology
- - Air cavalry
- - Helicopters (Bell UH-1)
- - Infrared scopes
- - Smart bombs
- - Guided missiles
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Results of Vietnam War
- - U.S. turns attention to Soviet aggression
- - Strongest Army ever
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