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Magnesium Sulfate
Trade Name
Sulfamag
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Magnesium Sulfate
Class
Electrolyte
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Magnesium Sulfate
Mechanism of Action
- Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholinesterase release at the myoneural junction
- Manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy Induces uterine relaxation
- Can cause bronchodilation after beta-agonists and anticholinergics have been used
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Magnesium Sulfate
Indications
- Seizures of eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy)
- Torsades de Pointes
- Hypomagnesemia
- Bronchospam-Severe Respiratory Distress
- TCA overdose-induced dysrhythmias
- Digitalis-induced dysrhythmias
- Agent for refractory VF and VT
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Magnesium Sulfate
Contraindications
- Heart blocks
- Renal diseases
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Magnesium Sulfate
Adverse Reactions
- Respiratory and CNS depression
- Hypotension
- Cardiac arrest
- Asystole
- Facial flushing
- Diaphoresis
- Depressed reflexes
- Circulatory collapse
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Magnesium Sulfate
Drug Interactions
- May enhance effects of other CNS depressants
- Serious changes in overall cardiac function may occur with cardiac glycosides
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Magnesium Sulfate
How Supplied
2 ml and 20 ml vials of a 50% solution
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Magnesium Sulfate
Dosage and Administration
Adult
- Seizure activity associated with pregnancy: 1-4 grams IV push over 3 minutes
- For Torsades de Pointes or Refractory VF/VT: 1-2 grams IV push over 1-2 minutes
- Bronchospasm: 2-4 grams IV push over 5 minutes
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Magnesium Sulfate
Dosage and Administration
Pediatric
Not recommended
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Magnesium Sulfate
Duration of Action
- Onset: Immediate
- Peak effect: variable
- Duration: 3-4 hours
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Magnesium Sulfate
Special Considerations
- Pregnancy safety: Recommended that drug not be given in the 2 hours before delivery, if possible
- IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride should be available as antagonist if needed
- The "cure" for toxemia is delivery of the baby
- Use with caution in patients with renal failure
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