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CELL BIO

The flashcards below were created by user wvuong on FreezingBlue Flashcards.

  1. O conformation of ATP synthase catalytic sites
    have a very low affinity for nucleotides
  2. second law of thermodynamics states that...
    energy is inevitably lost as heat during the performance of work by machines or living organisms
  3. HSP70 performs what essential function in the cell
    binds and releasese hydrophobic regions of proteins during their synthesis to prevent their association
  4. which level of structure in proteins is hl together b intramolecule amino acid R group interactions?
    tertiary structure
  5. a reaction involving the gain or one or more electrons is an/a ??? reaction.
    ??? = reduction.
  6. A major way of regulating enzymes is the reversible addition of ____ groups, which can allosterically activate or inhibit the enzyme
    phosphate groups
  7. where are hydrophobic interactions mostly likely to be observed?
    within core of a water-soluble protein
  8. which bond holds hte glucose monomers of cellulose together toform this plentiful polysaccharide?
    beta (1>4) glycosidic linkages
  9. identify the correct order, from stronger to weaker, of the following list of biological reducing agents
    NADH, FADH2, reduced Ubiquinone, H2O
  10. inner mitochondrial membrane of some cells contains proteins that allow protons to move from the intermembrane space to the matrix without concomitant synthesis of ATP. These proteins are called...
    uncoupling proteins
  11. Which organelles below are found in both plants and animals?
    peroxisomes and mitochondria
  12. feedback inhibition is an example of a particular type of inhibition, which statement is most accurate?
    noncompetitive inhibition, Vmax is reduced while Km is unaffected
  13. Which of the following is not a marcomolecule formed by the polymerization of potentially large numbers of monomers?
    Lipids
  14. Protein fmailies that have evolved with the function of helping unfolded or misfolded proteins aachieve proper 3-dimensional conformation are called ___ ?
    molecular chaperones
  15. Enzymes worky by ___
    lowering the activation energy barrier of a reaction and thus speeding up the reaction
  16. Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 located in plant cell?
    stroma
  17. In chloroplasts, a proton gradient is established with a higher concentration of protons found is the ___ and a lower concentration in the ___ .
    thylakoid lumen, stroma
  18. What is produced when the electrons leave the mitochondrial electron transport chain and bind to the final electron acceptor for the chain?
    water
  19. In what molecule is most of the energy of glucose stroed at the end of glycolysis?
    pyruvate
  20. for what purpose(s) does photosystem II use absorbed light energy?
    remvoing electrons from water
  21. Which statement about the RNApII promoter element sequence "TATAAA" is most accurate?
    present on DNA non-template strand
  22. termination of eukaryotic RNApII transcription requires which of the following events?
    synthesis of a 5'-AAUAAA-3' sequence followed by cleavage 20 nucleotides downstream of this region
  23. Termination of prokaryotic RNAp transcription may require which of the following events?
    binding of Rho to the nascent mRNA transcript
  24. Which histone typically resides outside the nucleosome core particle and binds part of the linker DNA to connect adjacent nucleosomes yielding a 30nm fiber?
    H1
  25. Which of the following proteins are most directly involved in the restricton of paracellular transport?
    claudins
  26. attachment of the sigma factor ...
    increases the core enezyme's affinity for DNA promoter sites and mediates unwinding of the promoter DNA
  27. the initiator tRNA enters the 30S ribosomal subunit at what will become the ___during prokaryotic protein synthesis
    P site
  28. which molecule below would be least likely to pass thru a gap junction?
    Protein Kinase A
  29. The stretch of amino acids that serves as a signal direction proteins out of the nucleus is called the ___
    nuclear export signal
  30. Whcih statement(s) best describes fibronectins
    • -composed of several modular domains involved in binding other ECM components
    • -contain a RGD loop region that mediates interaction with a cell surface receptor
  31. What properties of chromatin have been shown to depend upon histone modification patterns?
    • -whether a region of chromatin is heterochromatic or euchromatic
    • -the likelihood that a gene or cluster of genes will be translated
  32. What determines the Lac and Trp repressor's ability to bind to operator sequences?
    • -repressor's shape determines its ability to bind to the operator
    • -key metabolites allosterically affect the repressor's conformation
  33. Alternative splicing explains ____.
    how one gene can code for more than one polypeptide
  34. kinase activity associated with TFIIHH is important for what?
    • -mediate transition from initiation to elongation by disrupting contacts with TFIID
    • -phosphorate the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNApII
    • -create binding sites for factors involved in pre-mRMA processing events such as plicing
  35. integrins play role in the following...
    hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions
  36. coat a plastic dish with fibronectins and proteoglycans and grow eukaryotic cells on the dish. cells adhere to the dish. repeat the experiment but this time you only coat the dish with fibronectins. what happens?
    cells adhere as they normally do
  37. what type of cell adhesion molecule is associated with cells being held together by adherens junctions?
    cadherins
  38. what enzyme whether produced by cancer cells or the cells surrounding a tumor helps cancer cells penetrate the extracellular matrix by digesting the extracellular matrix.
    MMP - matrix metalloproteinases
  39. which of the following codon changes represents a nonsense mutation?
    CGA to UGA
  40. how do exon-junction complexes mark messages as having a nonsense mutation?
    after the initial translation, EJCs should be removed if translation of the whole mRNA has occurred.
  41. which heterotrimeric G proteins function by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase?
    Gr family
  42. protein kinase C is activated by which of the following second messengers?
    diacylglycerol
  43. ribosomal DNA clusters are gathered together to form what cellular structure?
    nucleolus
  44. what directly/indirectly determines transition temp. of a lipid bilayer.
    • -ability of lipid moelcules to pack together
    • -whether fatty acid chains of lipids are saturated/unsaturated
    • -the extent to whcih fatty acid chains of lipids contain double bonds
    • -length of fatty acid chains
  45. sodium-potassium pump makes the cell interior more ___by pumping __sodium ions out of the cell for every ___potassium ions pumped in
    negative, 3, 2
  46. membrane-associated carbohydrates exhibit a major asymmetry in distribution. what is it?
    • =plasma membrane assoicated carbohydrates face outside cells into the extracellular space
    • -membrane-assocaited carbhyrates face away from cytoplasm in all cases
  47. what are the general building blocks of a phosphoglyceride
    glycerol + 1 phosphate groups + 2 fatty acids
  48. Which end of a MT is the fast growing end?
    plus end, end with beta-tubulin at tip
  49. microscopic beads are coated with kinesin and subjected to an in vitro mobility assay. which direction and along what cytoskeletal element are the beads seen to move
    toward plus end of MT
  50. structure that contains two barrel-shaped centrioles surround by amorphous, electro - dense pericentriolar material is called a(n) ___.
    centrosome
  51. channel that opens in response to the binding of a specific molecules is called a ____
    ligand-gated channel
  52. fuse together cells at differ stages of the cell cycle and then observe the behavior of ea. nucleus residing in combined cytoplasm of the two cells. what would occurs if you fused a G2 cell to a cell in the S phase.
    G2 nucleus did not initate DNA synthesis, but the S phase nucleus continued replication
  53. When cyclin concentration is low,
    kinase of MPF lacks the cyclin subunits and is thus inactive
  54. ATR is a ...
    protein kinase that is acctivated by DNA lesion resulting from incompletely replicated DNA of UV irradition
  55. what would be likely to happen to cultured cells if you were able to treat them with an inhibitor that blocked the activity of wee1 kinase
    Cdk would become activated somewhat earlier than usual
  56. what enzymes removes phosphatse from Cdk and can thus turn on its kinase activity in the process?
    CDC25
  57. At the outer surface of the centromere of each chromatid is a proteinaceous, buttonlike structure called the ...
    kinetochore
  58. Which organelles remain relatively intact thru mitosis?
    • -mitochondria
    • -lysosomes
    • -peroxisomes
    • -chloroplasts
  59. when MT grow out of a centrosome, which end is associated wit hthe centrosome?
    minus end
Author
wvuong
ID
89211
Card Set
CELL BIO
Description
cell bio final 2011
Updated
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