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learning
a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
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behaviorism
a theory of learning that focuses soley on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing and hoping
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associative learning
learning that occurs when we make a connection, or an association, between two events
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observational learning
learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior
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classical conditioning
learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response
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unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
a stimulus that produces a response without prior learning
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unconditioned response (UCR)
an unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
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conditioned stimulus (CS)
a previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
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conditioned response (CR)
the learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing
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acquisition
the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired
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generalization (in classical conditioning)
the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response
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discrimination (in classical conditioning)
the process fo learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others
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extinction (classical conditioning)
the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
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spontaneous recovery
the process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, without further conditioning
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renewal
the recovery of the conditioned response when the organism is placed in a novel context
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counterconditioning
a classical conditioning procedure for changing the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response
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