What is the classification for the (B) Norflex (g) orphenadrine?
muscle relaxer
What is the classification for the (B) Viokase (g) pancrelipase?
digestive enzyme; tx: Chronic pancreatitis
What is the classification for the (B) Avandia (g) rosiglitazone?
oral antidiabetic
What is the classification for the (B) Viagra (g) sildenafil?
erectile dysfunction
What is the classification (B) Carafate (g) sucralfate?
anti ulcer
The pituitary gland is also known as what?
hypophysis and the master gland
What is a condition of deficient sugar in the blood?
hypoglycemia
What disease is a deficiency of adrenocortical hormones?
addison disease
What blood test is done to assess T3, T4, and calcitonin?
Thyroid function test (TFT)
What is a blood test that detects the thyroid's ability to concentrate and retain iodine?
radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake scan
What hormone stimulates growth and hormone activity of testes and ovaries?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What promotes growth of breast tissue and milk production?
Prolactin
What regulates calcium levels in bones and blood, and also increases calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH; parathormone)
The pituitary gland, or hypophysis is held in the ______ , a depression in the sphenoid bone in the cranial cavity.
sella turcica
There are two adrenal glands located above the _____
kidneys
Muscle spasms due to an underactive parathyroid gland?
tetany (also calcium tetany from abnormal calcium levels in the blood)
What organ is the major function of the digestive process and is both an exocrine and endocrine gland?
pancreas
True or false; Prostaglandins are proteins and steroid hormones
false; prostaglandins are neither a protein or steroid hormones. They are lipids that mimic hormones and sometimes referred to as local hormones
An overproduction of melatonin from the pineal gland may be a result in what type of depression?
S.A.D. (Seasonal affective disorder)
What is a disease caused by a lack of growth hormone (GH) that causes undergrowth of bone and body tissue in children?
Dwarfism
What is a disease caused by oversecretion of GH, which causes an overgrowth of body tissue before puberty, including the long bones?
Gigantism
What is a disease caused by excessive production of GH in adults that causes overgrowth of bones and soft tissue of the hands, feet, and face?
Acromegaly
What is an underproduction of thyroid hormone in childhood causing low metabolic rate, slow growth and mental retardation?
Cretinism
What disease is an overproduction of thyroid hormone in adults?
graves disease
What is a deficiency of adrenocortical hormones?
Addison disease
What disease is caused when the adrenal cortex oversecretes hormones, resulting in obesity, weakness, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Also results from ingesting corticosteroids
cushing syndrome
what is the main disease of the insulin-producing pancreas?
diabetes mellitus
adren/o
adrenal gland
adrenocortic/o
adrenal cortex
calc/o
calcium
crin/o
secrete
endo-
within
hypophys/o
pituitary gland
kal/i
potassium
natr/o
sodium
parathyroid/o
parathryroid gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
-crine
secrete
-dipsia
thirst
-physis
growth
-tropic
stimulating
-tropin
that which stimulates
What stimulates the muscles of the uterus during the delivery of an infant and the muscles surrounding the mammary ducts to contract, releasing milk?
oxytocin
What regulates the metabolism of the body and normal growth and development and controls the amount of calcium deposited into bone?
thyroid gland
What is responsible for stimulating key cells in the immune response and is located in the mediastinum above the heart?
thymus; secretes thymosin
What are the female and male gonads?
ovaries and testes
What is located in the center of the brain and secretes melatonin responsible for sleep?
pineal gland
somat/o
body
toc/o
delivery
aden/o
gland
lact/o
milk
gen/o
origin
gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar
phys/o
to grow
vas/o
vessel
exo-
outside
hypo-
under, below
oxy-
rapid
phag/o
to eat, swallow
acr/o
extremities
-megaly
enlargement
orex/o
appetite
An enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
Measure of average blood glucose during a 3 month time span
A1c
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
T4
thyroxine
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
T3
triiodothyronine
OGTT
oral glucose tolerance test
FBS
fasting blood sugar
K
Potassium
Na
sodium
Ca
calcium
Ductless glands that secrete hormones and other secretions into the blood or lymph for circulation throughout the body?
endocrine glands
glands that secrete to the epithelial surface (sweat glands, mammary glands)
exocrine glands
organ containing receptors that cause it to react to certain hormones
target organ
depression in the sphenoid bone in the cranial cavity that holds the pituitary gland
sella turcica
outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes steroids
adrenal cortex
portion of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
hormone that breaks down glucose to glycogen
insulin
pancreatic cells that produce insulin and cause the secretion of glucagon
islets of langerhans
large group of hormone-like substances responsible for the regulation of blood pressure, pain threshold, inflammation, and blood clotting
prostaglandins
disease caused by the release of insufficient antiduretic hormone fromthe posterior pituitary gland
diabetes insipidus
blood test indicating the glucose level after a period of fasting
FPG fasting plasma glucose
Located in the neck on both sides of the trachea and larynx and secretes calcitonin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine
thyroid gland
located within connective tissue surrounding the thryroid gland
parathyroid glands
what is both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ?
thymus
as a person ages, what gland atrophies and and changes to fat and connective tissue
thymus
one who specilizes in endocrine disorders
endocrinologist
what kind of test is done to test for bone density
ct scan
In an A1c test, what is a nondiabetic range?
4-6%
In an A1c test, what level indicates that the diabetic management plan needs to be reviewed and changes made to medication, diet, or exercise?
8-10%
true or false; the higher the A1c results, the greater the chance that the patient will develop complications
true
process that causes the body to respond to undersecretion or oversecretion of an element; reduces or stops a stimulus
negative feedback
process that increases secretion of a hormone when needed; increases a stimulus
positive feedback
abnormal hairiness, especially in women
hirsutism
what are warning signs of diabetes mellitus type 1
