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Relating to pain management, the health care organizations are expected to:
(i.e. Joint Commission Standards)
*Recognize the clients
- *Assess pain in all clients
- *Record the results
- *Educate in pain assessment & Mng't
- *Determine competency
- *Establish policy and procedures
- *Ensure pain doesn't interfere w/ participation and rehabilitation
- *Include client's needs for sx mng't in discharge planning process
- *Collect data to monitor appropriateness and effectiveness in pain mng't
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PQRST stands for? (i.e. Memory Trick) pg 581
Onset - when did it start
- *Provokes the pain (aggravating factors)
- *Qualitiy of pain (gnawing, pounding)
- *Region (location) and radiation to other body parts
- *Severity (qty 1-10) 0=no pain & setting (what causes the pain)
- *Timing (onset, duration, frequency)
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Gnawing, pounding, buring, stabbing, pinching, aching, throbbing, and crushing are examples of?
Quality of pain
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_____ may ignore their pain, believing it is a consequence of aging.
Older clients
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Combines cognitive, sensory, and emotional components - in addition psychologic aspects - can block the individual perception of pain is
Gate Control Theory
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Asking the client what makes the pain worse and what makes the pain better is?
Aggravating and Alleviating Factors
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Conduction of pain impulses - four processes are involved in the conduction of signal are?
- 1. Transduction
- 2. Transmission
- 3. Perception
- 4. Modulation
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Endogenous (opiate-like substances) bind to the opioid receptor sites and decrease the perception of pain is
Endorphins
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Pain modulation is controlled by two endogenous, they are?
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Pain impulse is CARRIED via the spinothalamic tract to the brain is
Transmission
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Cortex and limbic systems PERCEIVE the pain
Perception of pain
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Neurotransmitters and endogenous opioids are REALEASED from the brainstem
Modulation
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A ______ is likely to be LESS tolerate of pain than someone who doesn't do drugs.
Drug abuser
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Substances the relieve pain is?
Analgesics
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Incorporation of pain assessment into the daily activities of a clinicians as the _____ after the joint commission initiated pain management quality standards of Care 2001.
5th Vital Sign
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An organization describes pain as unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage ore described in terms of damage is
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)
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T or F
The nurse is the best judge of a client's pain
F
Pain is subjective and only the client cand judge the level and severity of pain
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Underlying pathology is
Noxious stimulus
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Nonlocalized & originates in support structures such as tendons, ligaments, and nerves; i.e. twisting an ankle
Somatic pain
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Pain originating from the abdominal organs is
Referred pain
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Which of the following Joint Commission pain mng't standards apply to the bedside nurse?
- 1. Identify sx of pain
- 2. Understand institutional standards of pain mng't
- 3. Assess factors impacting the pain experience
- 5. Implement pain mng't techniques
- 6. Evaluate the effectiveness of techniques
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Which of the following is a useful tool for assessing the intensity of pain that is easy to use?
Numeric pain scale
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Methods that can not only help influene the level of pain, but also help the client the client gain self-control is
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
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Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions are?
- Trusting Nurse-Client Relationship
- Relaxation
- Reframing
- Distraction
- Guided Imagery
- Humor
- Biofeedback
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Cutaneous stimulations are?
- Hot Cold application
- Acupressure and Massage
- Mentolated rubs
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
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factors that affect pain
- -age
- -experience
- -drug abuse
- -cultural norms
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