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zf2010
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Divisions of the Pituitary and origins
- Adenohypophysis (from oral ectoderm - Rathke's pouch)
- Neurohypophysis (from diencepthalon)
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What is the role of the pituitary?
- Controls activity of other endocrine glands
- Secretes hormones
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Cell types of the anterior pituitary and their secretions
- Somatotrophs - growth hormone
- Mammotrophs - prolactin
- Thyrotrophs - thyroid stimulating hormone
- Gonadotrophs - LH or FSH
- Corticotrophs - corticotropin
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Basophils
- Thyrotrophs
- Gonadotrophs
- Corticotrophs
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What is the function of Growth Hormone?
- Stimulates somatomedin production
- Necessary for normal growth
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What is the function of Prolactin?
Initiates and maintains milk production
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What is the function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone?
- Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
- Proliferation of thyroid cells
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What is the function of Follicle-stimulating hormone?
- Females - used for ovarian follicular maturation
- Males - regulates sperm production
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What is the function of Lutenizing Hormone?
- Females - ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation
- Males - stimulates androgen production by Leydig cells of testes
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What is the function of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates synth and release of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex
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Symptoms of hypopituitarism
- Hypofunction of gonads, adrenal cortex, thyroid
- Dwarfism
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What is the product of the pars intermedia?
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (no function in humans)
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What are the Opioid Peptides?
- Natural opiate like effect
- Endorphins
- Enkephalins
- Dynorphins
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What makes up the Pars Nervosa?
Axons and endings of neurosecretory neurons from supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
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What are pituicytes?
Support cells of the Pars Nervosa
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Hormones of the Pars Nervosa and their function
- Oxytocin - contraction of uterine smooth muscle and myoepithelial cells of lactating breast
- ADH - stimulates increased water reabsoption
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A deficiency in which hormone may cause diabetes insipidus?
ADH
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What is the function of the Pineal Body (Epiphysis)?
- Neural control of circadian information
- Produces melatonin (influences gonads, other endocrine glands)
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How does melatonin secretion relate to the circadian cycle?
- High secretion at night, low during day
- Inhibited by light
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