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Normal Sensations are...
- Reception
- Perception
- Reaction
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Reception
•Stimulation of receptor such as light, touch, or sound
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Perception
•Integration and interpretation of stimuli
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Reaction
•Only the most important stimuli will elicit a reaction
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Sensory Alterations
- Sensory deficits
- Sensory deprivation
- Sensory overload
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Sensory Deficits
Deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception
- cant smell which affects taste, hearing loss (may
- not hear what somebody is telling you).
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Sensory Deprivation
Inadequate quality or quantity of stimulation
loss of sight or hearing, exposed to strange elements (too much heat or too much cold survivor mode), people in jail or icu
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Sensory Overload
Reception of multiple sensory stimuli
excessive stimuli: more than one thing, A class full of little conversations and you are not able to think because there is an overload
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Three types of sensory deprivation occur:
1. Reduced sensory input from sight or hearing
2. Deprivation resulting from exposure to strange environments
3. Deprivation resulting from confinement in restrictive environments, such as bed rest as it produces monotony or boredom.
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Meaningful Stimuli
include those activities and people who have a positive influence on the client.
These would include pets, music, TV, movies, family, clock, and calendar.
A disruptive roommate or too many visitors or too much light or noise in the room can negatively affect the client. Some problems could be families fighting in front of the pt
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Environmental Factors of Stimuli
Clients need their social interactions. Absence of loved ones/significant others/friends can increase incidences of isolation, loneliness, anxiety, and depression
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Cultural Factors of Stimuli
Occupations, recreation, or sports activities can have an effect on sight, hearing, and body parts.
- Hospitalized clients in isolation, with casts, or in
- traction will be unable to move around their environment.
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Spirituality
- •Spirituality is an awareness of one’s inner self and a sense of connection to a higher being, nature, or to
- some purpose greater than oneself.
- •Spirituality is an important factor that helps to achieve the balance needed to maintain health and
- well-being and to cope with illness.
•Unique to each individual and dependent on culture, development, beliefs and ideas about life
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Religion
- •Religion is a system of organized beliefs and worship that a person practices to outwardly express
- spirituality.
•“State of doing”
- Religion includes spirituality but spirituality does not
- need to include religion.
- Religious care helps clients maintain faithfulness to
- belief systems and worship practice
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Faith
•The concept of faith has two uses described in the literature.
•A cultural or institutional religion.
•A relationship with a divinity, higher power, authority, or spirit that incorporates a reasoning faith and a trusting faith.
•Exists without religious beliefs
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Hope
- •Hope is a multidimensional concept that provides comfort while enduring life threats and personal
- challenges.
- Hope is energizing giving individuals a motivating to achieve and the resources to use toward that
- achievement. People express hope in all aspects of their lives to help them deal with life stressors.
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Spiritual Health
- •Individuals gain spiritual health by finding a balance between their life values, goals, and belief
- systems and their relationships with themselves and with others.
Coping styles may lie witching persons spiritual beliefs.
May vary based on gender past experience religion economic status and ethnic background gives peace and acceptance
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Spiritual Problems
•Spiritual distress is the impaired ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life through connectedness with self others art music literature, nature and/or a power greater than oneself.
Conflict between person's beliefs and health regimens or the ability to practice usual rituals
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Acute Illness Spiritual Problems
integration and coping with new realities. Look for ways to remain faithful to beliefs and value systems.
conflict around beliefs and meaning of life
Anger common
Interventions need to be done to maximize inner peace and healing
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Chronic Illness Spiritual Problems
fear anxiety and spiritual distress
need to find meaning and purpose in life
enhanced quality of life and achievement of potential
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Terminal Illness Spiritual Problems
may face death without fear.
Helps them find peace in self and death.
- Questions meaning of life. Why now. Helps manage symptoms at end of life empowers them to
- have greater sense of control over disease
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Near Death Spiritual Problems
Near Death Experience psychological phenomenon of people close to death. Passing through tunnel watching their life's peace and tranquility may feel acceptance and meaning from experience and may no longer be afraid of death
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