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Which of the gastrointestinal cancers has the highest rate of incidence and is responsible for the highest number of deaths?
Colorectal
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A 40-year-old male who consumes a diet high in fat and low in fibre is at risk for:
Cancer of the colon and rectum.
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Which modifiable risk factor is associated with oesophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancer.
Cigarette and alcohol use.
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A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with cancer of the oesophagus. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?
Reflux oesophagitis
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Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?
Malabsorption and steatorrhea.
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A 16-year-old female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:
Appendicitis.
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A 42-year-old female presents with abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding. Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach. Which of the following would most likely follow?
Pernicious anaemia.
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A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:
breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions
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A 46-year-old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers. This disease is associated with:
An increased risk of gastric cancer
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The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is:
bacterial infection.
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A 22-year-old male underwent brain surgery to remove a tumor. Following surgery, he experienced a peptic ulcer. His ulcer is referred to as a(n) _____ ulcer.
Cushing
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A 3-month-old female develops colicky pain, abdominal distention, and diarrhoea after drinking cow's milk. The best explanation for her symptoms is:
An excess of undigested lactose in her digestive tract, resulting in increased fluid movement into the digestive lumen and increased bowel motility.
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Coeliac disease is caused by alterations of the intestinal:
Villi.
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Reflux oesophagitis is defined as:
An inflammatory response to gastro-oesophageal reflux.
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A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the stomach. He is diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by:
Loss of muscle tone at the lower oesophageal sphincter.
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A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He probably has
Hiatal hernia.
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A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of “currant jelly” stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:
Intussusception.
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A serious complication of para-oesophageal hiatal hernia is:
Strangulation.
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A 29-year-old male presents complaining of colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating,nausea, and hypotension. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?
Intussusception.
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The vomiting reflex can be stimulated by:
Severe pain.
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A 38-year-old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal, nausea,and epigastric pain. Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. This condition is referred to as
Pyloric obstruction.
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A 34-year-old male was diagnosed with a bacterial gastrointestinal infection. Which of the following types of diarrhoea would most likely occur with his condition?
Secretory
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A 20-year-old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhoea. His diarrhoea can be classified as:
Osmotic diarrhoea.
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A 50-year-old male complains of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and bloody stools. A possible diagnosis would be:
Ulcerative colitis.
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Prolonged diarrhoea is more serious in children than adults because children:
Have lower fluid reserves.
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