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name the parts of a lysome
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what is the function of a lysome?
- breaks down waste materials using acid hydrolase enzymes.
- digests excess or worn out organelles, viruses or bacteria
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what is phagocytosis?
large particle substances are taken up by a cell and carried out by some protists.
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lysomes use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cells own organic material. what is this process called?
autophagy
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how does autophagy play out?
- a damaged organelle or a small amount of cytosol gets surrounded by a double membrane and a lysosome fuses with the outer membrane of the vesicle.
- the enzymes break apart the material and the organic monomers are returned to the cytosol for reuse.
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what are vacuoles?
membrane bound vesicles whos functions differ depending on the type of cell
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food vacuoles
formed by phagocytosis to be used by microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell
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contractile vacuole
helps move water out of the cell
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central vacole
in plants. it's roles involve reproduction, growth and development
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The endomembrane system. What is it?
an extensive network of membranes within a cell.
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the ER consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs. What are they called?
Cisternae
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what are the 2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum?
how do they differ?
Smooth ER and Rough ER
- the rough ER has ribosomes on the outer surface of the membrane and therefore looks rough under a microscope.
- The smooth Er is lacking ribosomes
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what kind of tasks does the endomembrane system carry out in the cell?
- the synthesis of proteins
- transport of proteins into membranes and organelles
- transport out of the cell
- metabolism and movement of lipids
- detox of poisons
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what organelles make up the endomembrane system?
- the nuclear envelope
- the endoplasmic reticulum
- the Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- different types of vacuoles
- plasma membrane
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what are the functions of the smooth ER?
vary with cell type:
- synthesis of lipids (incl. oils)
- metabolism of carbohydrates
- detox of drugs and poisons
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how does detoxification work in a cell?
addition of hydroxyl groups to drugs that make them more soluble and easier to flush from the body
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what are the tubules and flattened sacs called in the ER
cisternae
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what are the functions of the rough ER?
manufactures membranes and secretory proteins
the proteins and the membranes move to the smooth ER to be transferred to other locations.
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