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What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and Progesterone
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Teratogens
- Agents that can cause birth defects
- Usually chemicals and environmental factors mother is exposed to during pregnancy
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Pica
Pattern of eating non-food items like dirt, TP, and chalk
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What causes Physiological Anemia
Increased in plasma volume that most often occurs during the 6th and 7th month of pregnancy.
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Chadwicks Sign
Can
be observed as early a 6-8 weeks after conception
Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia caused by the hormone estrogen which results in venous congestion.
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Nagele’s Rule
Way of calculating due date First day of last MP plus 7 days minus 3 months
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Gravida & Para
- Gravida- Number of pregnancies
- Para-Number of live births
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Purpose of Umbilical vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus
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Medications that treat pre-term labor
- -Antibiotics- prevent/treat infection
- -Antenatal corticosteroids- speed up fetal lung development
- -Tocolytic meds- slow down contractions and delay labor:
- Mag sulfate
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Oxytocin is used…
To induce labor by causing contractions and dilation of cervix
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Placenta Previa
- Complication of pregnancy where placenta grows in the lowest part of womb.
- Characterized by scant to bright red bleeding in 3rd trimester.
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Engagment
- Also known as “lightening”
- The sensation that woman feels when the baby drops
- Usually 2-3 weeks prior to labor
- Breathing becomes easier
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Characteristics of “True Labor”
- Contractions regular & progressive
- More backache
- Pain/contractions not relieved by walking
- Cervix begins to progressively dilate
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Mechanism of labor movement for cephalic presentation
- Descent: continuous descent of fetus through pelvis
- Internal rotation: Head rotates to accommodate change of diameter of pelvis
- External rotation: Shoulders drop down and turn to ant.position.
- Head slowly turns to align with shouldersFlexion: head adapts to pelvis by flexing chin to chest
- Extension: back of fetal head pivots under pressure of the symphysis pubis; delivered
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What does fundus measurements during pregnancy tell us?
- Compared to est. gestational age (EGA) tells if fetus is growing at proper rate
- If mismatched with EGA, can be cause of concern: Too much/little amniotic fluid, Breech birth
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Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
- Caused by compression of vena cava
- *Tx. Turn to L side
- Change position frequently
- Dangle and get up slow
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LOA
- Left Occiput Anterior
- Easiest fetus position to deliver
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Leopold’s Maneuver
- Way of palpitating for the location/position of fetus in womb.
- Three letter classification for position: First and last letter refers to landmark on mother, middle refers to fetus R or L, Ant. Or Post.,
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Infant landmarks with Leopold’s Maneuver
- O- Occiput (best)
- M- Mentum (chin)
- S- Sacrum
- Sc- shoulder
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How often should RN monitor FHT when contractions are 4-5 min apart in low-risk pt.?
Q5min
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When does the 1st stage of labor end?
Ends with complete effacement (thinning) and dilation (opening) of the cervix
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What is a maternal complication during the 3rd
stage of labor?
Hemorrhage???
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Calculating APGAR
- Heart rate: (0-absent, 1-<100, 2->100)
- Respiratory: (0-absent, 1-slow, irregular, weak cry, 2-good,strong-cry)
- Muscle tone: (0- flaccid, 1- some flexion of extremities, 2-well flexed)
- Reflex irritability: (0- no response, 1- grimace, 2- cough,vigorous cry, strong facial grimace)
- Color: (0- blue, pale, 1- body normal, extremities blue, 2-normal skin coloring)
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Normal proportion of a newborn head to body length
¼ total body length
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What is the purpose of Narcan during labor?
Narcotic antagonist in case of overdose
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Tracheoesophageal fistula-
- An abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea.
- Can be detected before delivery with ultrasound:Too much amniotic fluid (Polyhydramnios)
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Preventative measure for retinopathy
Prevent excessive O2 saturation (when giving supplemental O2), especially in preemies
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Sickle cell crisis intervention
- Hydrate
- Oxygen* (crisis intervention?)
- Pain medication
- Support
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1st nursing action with moderate to major burns
- Access airway
- IV Fluids?
- Obtain information on where/how burn was received
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What glands are involved in Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
- Dysfunction of exocrine glands
- Pancreas- can’t digest fat
- Sweat glands- electrolyte composition in perspirationchanged
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If both parents are carriers of CF gene, what is possibility the offspring inheriting CF?
- 25% not carrier, not sick
- 50% carrier, but not sick
- 25% carrier and sick
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S/S of celiac Disease
- Foul smelling stool
- Malnutrition
- Distended abdomen
- Wasting of extremities and butt
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Patho of Cerebral Palsy
Can be caused by German measles, brain bleed, and brain infection
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What causes nephritic syndrome?
*Idiopathic* damage to the glomerular of kidneys causing edema and loss of large amounts of protein in urine
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S/S of bone marrow involvement in Leukemia
Immature, abnormal white cells called “blasts” form large number in spleen, liver, and bone marrow
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Breathing characteristics of asthma
Wheezing, dyspnea, harsh dry cough, retractions, cyanosis
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S/s of rheumatic fever
- 1-5 wks after infection
- Lethargy,
- Anorexia
- Polyarthritis
- Muscle tremors
- Carditis
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How is rheumatic fever dx?
Jone’s Criteria:
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