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Which is the area of greatest visual acuity?
fovea centralis
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Which photoreceptor allows us to see color?
Cones
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Emmetropia is
Perfect vision
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calcification of the lens leads to the formation of
cataract
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Most of the eyeball muscles are innervated by
CN III
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Pupillary dilation is produced by
sympathetic nerves
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What regulates the size of the pupil?
Iris
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The cerebrum was derived embryonically from the
telencephalon
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The genu is a feature of?
Corpus callusum
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One main function of the hippocampus is
short term memory
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CSF is secreted by the?
Choroid plexus
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Normall the CSF is
Clear and slight viscuous
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The superior sagittal sinus houses
venous blood
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Anterior to the cerebellum is the
4th ventricle
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Dura mater is also known as?
Pachydmeninx
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The falx cerebri and falx cerebelli are made of
dura mater
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The sciatic nerve belongs to which nerve plexus?
sacral plexus
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Lesion to radial nerve
wrist drop
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Lesion to ulnar nerve
bishop's hand
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Lesion to axillary nerve
epaulette shoulder
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Lesion to musculocutaneous nerve
porter's hand tip
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Lesion to median nerve
ape's hand
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Lesion to median and ulnar nerve
claw hand
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Which nerve houses parasympathetic nerves to the sexual organs?
pudendal nerve
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The dorsal root of a spinal nerve houses
sensory nerves
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The lowest point of the spinal cord is called what? and located at what vertebral level?
Conus medullaris. L2
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What produces pupillary constriction?
Parasympathetic stimulation
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What is the fatty substance layer that covers a fetus?
Vernix caseosa
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What causes "heavy for due date"
Insulin
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How is a baby measured?
Crown to rump length
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Which lobe expresses emotion and love?
Limbic lobe
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What are features of the midbrain?
Corpora quadregemina and cerebral peduncles
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How many pairs of spinal nerves? How many in each section?
31 pairs. 8 Cervical. 12 thoracic. 5 Lumbar. 5 Sacral. 1 Coccygeal
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What are the three dilations of the CNS
Prosencephalon. Mesencephalon. Rhomboncephalon.
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What does prosencephalon dilate into?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
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What does the mesencephalon form?
Midbrain
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What does rhomboncephalon dilate into?
Metencephalon and myelencephalon
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What does the telencephalon form?
Cerebrum; cerebral lobes; corpus callosum
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What does the diencephalon form?
- Epithalamus-pineal gland
- thalamus- relay center
- hypothalamus- homeostasis
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What are the lobes of the cerebellum?
- Flocculonodular-smallest; equilibrium/balance
- Posterior lobe- biggestl deals w/precise movement
- anterior lobe- coordinates gross movement
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What fibers does the ventral root house
motor fibers only, some sympathetic/parasympathetic
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what fibers does the dorsal root house
sensory only
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Where is the cervical plexus formed from?
C1-C4
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Where is the brachial plexus formed from?
C5-T1
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Where is the lumbar plexus formed from?
L1-L4
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Where is the sacral plexus formed from?
L4- S3/S4
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Which nerves are in the lumbar plexus?
Femoral and obturator
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Which nerves are in the sacral plexus?
Sciatic and pudendal
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Which nerves form the sciatic nerve?
Tibial and common peroneal nerve
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Where do parasympathetic fibers come from?
Brain stem, S2 S3 S4
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Where do sympathetic fibers come from?
Lateral horn T1-L2
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What doesn't have any parasympathetic fibers?
Adrenal gland; sking structure and blood vessels
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Cranial nerves that contain special senses
CN I; CN II; CN VII; CN VIII; CN IX; CN X
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List all CNs that contain motor fibers
CN III; CN IV; CN V; CN VI; CN VII; CN IX; CN X; CN XI; CN XII
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List CNs that have motor fibers ONLY
CN III, CN IV, CN XI; CN XII
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List CNs that contain general sense fibers
CN V; CN VII; CN IX; CN X
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List CNs that house parasympathetic fibers
CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X
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What CN does Tic douloureux affect?
CN V trigeminal nerve
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What is bells palsy?
Temporary paralysis of facial nerve CN VII
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When is the embryonic period and what is its significance?
First 8 weeks; highest risk of congenital malformation
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What is the most common congenital malformation?
Down syndrome aka trisomy 21
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What is the cause of small for due date?
placenta dysfunction
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What is the length of a full term pregnancy
9 months 10 days.
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What does thyroid deficiency lead to?
Imbecile- mental retardation
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What are signs of a sick neuron?
Displaced centrally located nuclei; perikaryon swelling; dissappeance of nissl body
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What is the hippocampus responsible for?
Short term memory
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CN's involved with the eye
CN II; CN III; CN IV; CN V; CN VI
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Somatesthetic sensory
3 1 2 parietal lobe
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CNs involved with tongue
CN V; CN VII; CN IX; CN X; CN XII
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CN's with parasympathetic fibers
CN III; CN X; CN VII; CN IX
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Speech center
44 45 Frontal lobe
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Meaning of spoken words
40 Parietal
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Visual cortex
- 17 size and shape
- 18 color
- 19 color association
- Occipital
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Meaning of printed words
39 Parietal
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