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What is ABO?
- A type of antigen system
- The ABO type of blood of the donar should be compatible with the recipients
- Ex. type A can match with type A
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What is an autologous donation?
Donation from to client own blood before scheduled procedere
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Compatibility?
Matching of blood from two persons by two different types of antigen systems, ABO and Rh, present on the membrane surface of the red blood cells, to prevent transfustion reaction
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Designated Donor
A compatible donor who has been selected by the recipient
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Fresh Frozen plasma
A blood product admistered to increase the level of clotting factors in clients with such a deficiency
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Iron overload
A delayed transfusion complication that occurs in clients who are choronicall y dependent on blood transfusions, such as clients with anemia or thrombocytopenia
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Cross matching
The testing of the donor's blood and the recipients blood for compatibility
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Platelets
A blood product administered to clients with low platelet counts and the thrombocytopenic clients who are bleeding actively or are schedured for an invasive procedure
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Red blood cells
A blood product used to replace erthrocytes lost as result of trauma or surgical interventions or in clients with bone marrow supression
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Rh Factor
Rh stands for Rhesus factor. A person having the factor is Rh positive/ a person lacking the factor is Rh negative. The presence or absence of Rh antigens on the surface of RBC's determines the classification as rh positive or Rh negative.
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Whole blood
composed of RBC's, plasma, and plasma protiens and administered primarily to treat hypovolemia shock resulting in hemorrhage
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RBC's are used to replace
erythrocytes
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Platelets are used to treat
thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunctions
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Platelets are administered?
Imediately usually withing 15 to 30 min
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Fresh Frozen Plasma may be used
to provide clotting factors, and are infused within 2 hours of thawing,while clotting factors are still viable
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What solustions for adminstering blood can be used
only NaCl
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Can medications be added with blood transfusion?
Never, nor can be piggypacked,
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To avoid septicemia
1 unit should infusion should not exceed 4 hours
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Administration set should be changed?
every 4 to 6 hours, with each unit of blood or according to policy for risk of septicemia
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Blood should be administered within
20-30 minutes of recieving it from blood bank
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Symptoms of Septicemia
- Rapid onset of fever and chills
- vomitting, diarrhea
- Hypotension
- shock
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Symptoms of iron overload
- vomitting, diarrhea
- Hypotension
- altered hematological values
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Hypocalcemia with transfusion
- 1. Citrate in tranfused blood binds with calcium and is excreted
- 2. Assess serum calcium
- 3. Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia
- 4. Slow tranfusion and call physician, with signs
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Hyperkalemia
- 1. Stored blood liberates potassium through hemolysis
- 2. the older the blood, the greater the risk of hypercalcemia, therefore clients at risk renal insuff or failure, should recieve fresh blood
- 3. assess date of the blood and serum potassium level before and after tranfusion
- 5. slow and notify doc if you have signs
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