chpt 14

agreement to smaller request leads to agreement with larger request later

belief that members of another group are more similar in their attitudes than they actually are

an increase in an individual's performance because of being in a group

• tendency to believe in fairness
• that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

• if members of two opposing groups are brought together in an emergency situation
• group cooperation will reduce prejeducial thinking

relatively stable change by carefully scrutinizing facts, statistics, & other info

• Irving Janis
• an excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members
• attempt to conform their opinions to what each believers to be the consensus of the group

• a highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions
• especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes

an attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for failure

a negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group membership

the group with which an individual identifies

• the unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another
• "helping" behavior

one of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group

• a group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its member's attitudes & behaviors
• how human groups should act

expert groups of diverse backgrounds learn one part of the lesson and share info in groups

• belief that our culture of social group is superior to others
• major form of prejudice

blaming an innocant person or a group for one's own troubles

way to understand how people explain others' behaviors

when individuals in a group have similar, though not identical, views their opinions become more extreme

• environmental stimuli that affect a person's behavior
• environment factors why they acted the way they did

• attribute prejudice to frustration
• when own self worth is in doubt or in jeopardy

small gift makes others feel obligation to agree to later request

• individual personality characteristics that affect a person's behavior
• holds individual responsible

negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group

a decrease in performance because of being in a group

superficial factors (supermodels and celebrities) used as distractors, leading to less stable change in attitudes

those outside the group with which an individual identifies

the active involvement of a person in a situation that appears to require his/her aid

dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members

a form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements

• tendency to emphasize internal causes & ignore external pressures
• more common in individualistic cultures than in collectisivistic cultures

tendency to focus on our situations and the other person rather than his/her situation when interpreting behavior

someone who makes a very large request we are likely to refuse & follows this up with a smaller one later on

the tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, & opinions of other members of a group

occurs when group members lose their sense of personal identity & responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior

the branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables & cognitions on individual behavior & social interactions