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chpt 14
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foot-in-door technique
agreement to smaller request leads to agreement with larger request later
out-group homogeneity
belief that members of another group are more similar in their attitudes than they actually are
social facilitation
an increase in an individual's performance because of being in a group
just-world phenomenon
tendency to believe in fairness
that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
contact theory
if members of two opposing groups are brought together in an emergency situation
group cooperation will reduce prejeducial thinking
central route to persuasion
relatively stable change by carefully scrutinizing facts, statistics, & other info
groupthink
Irving Janis
an excessive tendency to seek concurrence among group members
attempt to conform their opinions to what each believers to be the consensus of the group
cognitive dissonance
a highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions
especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes
self-serving bias
an attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for failure
discrimination
a negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group membership
in-group
the group with which an individual identifies
altruism
the unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another
"helping" behavior
social role
one of several socially defined patterns of behavior that are expected of persons in a given setting or group
social norms
a group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its member's attitudes & behaviors
how human groups should act
jigsaw classroom
expert groups of diverse backgrounds learn one part of the lesson and share info in groups
ethnocentrism
belief that our culture of social group is superior to others
major form of prejudice
scapegoating
blaming an innocant person or a group for one's own troubles
attribution theory
way to understand how people explain others' behaviors
group polarization
when individuals in a group have similar, though not identical, views their opinions become more extreme
situational factors
environmental stimuli that affect a person's behavior
environment factors why they acted the way they did
scapegoat theory
attribute prejudice to frustration
when own self worth is in doubt or in jeopardy
reciprocity
small gift makes others feel obligation to agree to later request
dispositional factor
individual personality characteristics that affect a person's behavior
holds individual responsible
prejudice
negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group
social loafing
a decrease in performance because of being in a group
peripheral route to persuasion
superficial factors (supermodels and celebrities) used as distractors, leading to less stable change in attitudes
out-group
those outside the group with which an individual identifies
bystander intervention
the active involvement of a person in a situation that appears to require his/her aid
diffusion of responsibility
dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members
asch effect
a form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements
fundamental attribution error
tendency to emphasize internal causes & ignore external pressures
more common in individualistic cultures than in collectisivistic cultures
actor-observer bias
tendency to focus on our situations and the other person rather than his/her situation when interpreting behavior
door-in-face technique
someone who makes a very large request we are likely to refuse & follows this up with a smaller one later on
conformity
the tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, & opinions of other members of a group
deindividuation
occurs when group members lose their sense of personal identity & responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior
social psychology
the branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables & cognitions on individual behavior & social interactions
Author
ht2lvu
ID
92268
Card Set
chpt 14
Description
chpt 14
Updated
6/28/2011, 9:14:26 AM
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