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Creatinine
0-1 mg/dL
The blood creatinine level shows how well your kidneys are working. A high creatinine level may mean your kidneys are not working properly. The amount of creatinine in the blood depends partly on the amount of muscle tissue you have
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BUN
- 10-30 ug/dL (6-20 mg/dL)
- BUN measures the ammount of urea in your blood and tells you how well the kidneys are working
- Increased: low blood flow to kidneys from dehydration, heart failure. high protein diet
- Decreased: malnutrition, severe liver damage, over hydration
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paCO2
35-45 mmHg
The ammount of CO2 dissolved in arterial blood.
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paO2
greater than 80 mmHg
The partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blooed
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HC03 (bicarb)
22-26 mmHg
- Altered levels of Bicarb mean the body is having trouble maintaining acid base balance.
- Increased could be from: severe vomiting, metabolic alkalosis, Cushing Syndrome.
- Decreased could be from: chronic diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, Aspirin OD.
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RBC in males
4.6-6.2 mil/mm3
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RBC in females
4.2-5.4 mil/mm3
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Hemoglobin in males
Hematocrit in males
percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC.
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Hemoglobin in women
hematocrit in women
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Glycosolated Hemoglobin (Hgb A1C)
5% (up to 7% in a diabetic)
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Erythrocyte Sedementation Rate (ESR)
- less than 20 mm/hr
- It is a test that indirectly measures how much inflammation is in the body.
- Increased: systemic infection, Tb, Infection of heart valves
- Decreased: CHF, polycythemia, sickle cell
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Bleeding Time
- 4-7 minBleeding time is a blood test that looks at how fast small blood vessels in the skin close to stop you from bleeding.
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Platelets
150,000-450,000 mm3
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Prothrombin time (PT)
- 11-14 seconds
- A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working.
- **PT is used to check coumadin/warfarin
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Partial Thromboplastin time
- less than 40 seconds
- ** check PTT for heparin
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albumin
- 3.8-5.0 g/dL
- Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood.
- decreased levels: kidney disease, liver disease, low protien diet
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Ammonia
- 11-35 umol/L
- high levels: liver disease, kidney failure, heart failure, severe bleeding from stomach and intestines
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Total bilirubin
0-1.5 mg/dL
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Urine Specific Gravity
- 1.010-1.030
- Urine specific gravity is a laboratory test that measures the concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.
- decreased: kidney infection, renal failure, excessive fluid intake
- increased: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, dehydration, heart failure
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Urine pH
- 4.5-7.5
- high pH (alkaline): gastric suction, UTI, kidney failure
- low pH (acid): diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, diarrhea
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therapeutic digoxin level
0.8-2.0 ng/mL
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therapeutic lithium level
0.8-1.2 meq/L
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