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Define metabolism
The sum total of all the chemical reactions performed by an organism.
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A series of reactions involving reactants, products, and enzymes are:
metabolic pathways
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Do anabolic pathways build up molecules or break them down?
build them up
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A metabolic process that breaks down larger molecules or components is a:
catabolic pathway
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Protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of:
anabolic pathways
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of:
catabolic pathways
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Define potential energy
energy based on position
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Define Kinetic Energy
energy of motion or movement
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Define Solar Energy
energy from the sun
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Define Thermal Energy
energy from heat
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Define Chemical Energy
energy from matter
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Give an example of mechanical energy
animals walking
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How/where do autotrophs obtain their food?
They produce it themselves
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How/where do heterotrophs obtain their food?
by consuming other organisms
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Are autotrophs consumers or producers?
producers
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Are heterotrophs consumers or producers?
consumers
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What is the primary food for herbivores?
plants
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What is the primary food source for carnivores?
meat
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Do omnivores eat plants or meat?
they eat both
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Define Thermodynamics
the study of energy transformation
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What is a thermodynamic system?
the matter/organism being studied
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A thermodynamic system that is unable to exchange energy with the environment is an:
isolated system
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A thermodynamic system taht is able to exchange or move energy with the environment is an:
open system
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In regards to thermodynamics, what are the "surroundings?"
everything else around the system being studied
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What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be converted.
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What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
Every time energy is converted, usable energy is lost in the form of heat.
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Energy that is usable and able to power reactions is known as:
free energy
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The amount of free energy is represented by the symbol:
G
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The change in free energy is represented by the symbol:
delta G
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True of False: A spontaneous reaction does not require an energy input.
True
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Will the delta G be postive or negative in a spontaneous reaction?
negative
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If delta G is a negative number, what type of reaction do you have?
spontaneous
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If a reaction is not spontaneous and requires an energy input the delta G value will be:
positive
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Do endergonic reactions consume or give off energy?
consume energy
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True of False: Endergonic reactions require no energy input.
False - without an energy input, endergonic reactions would not occur
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Endergonic reactions have a _________ delta G value.
positive
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Do exergonic reactions consume or give off energy?
give off energy
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True or False: Exergonic reactions can be spontaneous.
True
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Exergonic reactions a _________ delta G value.
negative
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Will an exergonic reactions have a delta G value greater than zero, or less than zero?
less than zero
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True or False: Reactions are either endergonic or exergonic.
False - many reactions have endergonic and exergonic phases
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Name the three types of cellular work.
transport, mechanical, and chemical
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Define transport work.
moving things across the membrane against the concentration gradient
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Define mechanical work.
physical movement of a cell or organism
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Define chemical work.
cellular metabolic processes
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Sodium pumps in cell membranes that function with energy from ATP are examples of what type of cellular work?
transport
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Skeletal muscle contraction is an example of what kind of cellular work?
mechanical
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Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are examples of what type of cellular work?
chemical
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How is ATP synthesized?
By adding a phosphate group (Pi) to ADP
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Breaking ATP down into ADP + Pi is what type of reaction?
hydrolysis
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What does the symbol EA represent?
The energy of activation
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Define Energy of Activation.
The amount of energy required to start a specific reaction.
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Do enzymes lower or raise the energy of activation?
lower EA
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True or False: Enzymes are consumed when functioning in reactions.
False - enzymes are not changed or consumed during reactions
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True or False: Enzymes may be used many times to catalyze reactions before they begin to degrade or denature.
True
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The act of preventing an enzyme from binding with a specific site is known as:
enzyme inhibition
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When another protein or enzyme binds to a specific site preventing the correct enzyme from binding, you have what type of inhibition?
competitive
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When an inhibitor binds somewhere other than the binding site, yet still prevents correct enzyme binding, you have this type of inhibition.
non-competitive
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True or False: binding in another site can change protein configuration, preventing proper enzyme binding.
True
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True or False: "Whoever gets there first" is a way to describe non-competitive inhibition.
False - "Whoever gets there first" describes competitive inhibition
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